Issued monthly: $1.00 a year: 10c. a inglc copy. ST. JOH , . B. C ADA. ,.................. -_............ ·-·-·---.............--··............ ·1 :•..................................................-..........~..........................._.............................................: Smokers have affirmed after s1noking-the Bell Cigar 18 years that they can nqt g-et better value. If vve make the b~st 5c. cigars ,vhat can we do for roe? We are willing that the onsumer shall be the judge. t I 111111111 tt I It ttl 1111 I Ill I 1111 11 t 11111 I It 1111 .................. 1111 I I I I I I 11-...4 t 111 Ill 111 II I I I I •tt I I I I I 111 I I I I II I15he Bell Cigar Factory, ---77 and 79 UNION STREET,-- St. John, N. B.Jt~JtAIJttCanada __A. H. BELLr Proprietor.__ I ········································ ....................,.................................................. NEITH CONTENTS FOR AUGUST, 1903. The Very Rev. Francis Partridg , D. D., D. C. L. Frontispiece Dr. Bryce's Philosophy 161 The King in Ireland 164 Leo XIII and Pin: X 165 Mr. Blair' Resignation 165 The Premier's Position 167 Lynching in the South 167 Socialism in Germany 169 The Marquis of Salisl nr1 169 A Reasonable Protest 170 The Zionist Mow:meut 172 Pertinent Words 173 The East and the W st 176 The Negro Problem and How to Soh-e it. No. r. Part 4. 180 Religion : A Great N ece:sity 182 By the ery Rev. Frnnci: Partridge, D. D., D. C. L. Canada By Ge rg Sc tt · Pope Leo XIII By T. O'Brien. Goethe's Fanst By G orgc ilb rt \i\ alker Literary ote: 195 Editorial Announcements 196 Issued monthly: 10c. :1 :ingle copy : $r .oo a year. . B.-Thc 5r. a year applies only to subscribers who reside in Canada or in the United State:. 111 all other onntri · the subscription price is $r. 50 a year. Advertising rates on application. All money should be sent by E.rpres~, or Post O:ffi e Order or, Registered Letter, address d to A . B. \i\Talker, Editor of EITH, 't. John, N. B. Canada. Printed by Paterson & Co. , 10 7 G rmain treet, 't. John, N. B., Canada. NEITH: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, Philosophy, Jurisprudence, Criticism, History, Reform, Econon1ics. Issued monthly: 10c. a copy: $1.00 a year. The $I .oo a year applies only to subscribers who reside in Canada or in_ the United States. In all other countries the subscription is $1.50 a year. . Advertising rates on application. A. B. Walker, B. A., LL. B., Barrister-at-Law, Editor, St. John N. B., Canada. The followmg are among the contributors for I903 : The Rev. \V. 0. Raymond, M.A., LL. D.; the Rev. Fr. W. C. Gaynor· th Rev. Robert Wilson, Ph. D.; the Hon. H. A. l\IcKeown, B. A., LL. B., K. C., M P. P.; \V. P. Dole, B. A., LL. D.; Charles Campbe11; A. A. Stockton, D. C. L., LL.])., Ph.D., K C.; George G. Walker; Professor Allen O. Earle, D. C. L .. K. C. ; Silas Alward, M. A., D. C. L., K. C., Dean of th~ Law School of King's College; George V. Mclnerney, M. A., LL. B., K. C.; Henry \V. Robertson. LL B.; John L. Carleton, K. C.; the Rev. G. 0. Gates, M. A., D. D.; the Hon. C. N. Skinner, D. C L., K. C., Recorder of the Cttv of St. John ; John C. Miles, A. R. C. A; Eben Perkins, M. E., Manager or" the Maritime Nail Company and Portland Rolling Mills, St. John, N. B.; the Rev. W. L. Beers, B. A.; F. Herbert C. Mile~; S. D. Scott, M. A., Editor of the St. John Daily Sun, St. John, N. B.; the Hon. John V. Ellis, LL. D., Canadian Senator, and Editor of the St. John Glohe, St. John, N. B.; H. L. Spencer; J. H. Frink, IJ. V. S.; Professor H. S. Bridges, M. A., Ph. D., City Superintendent and Principal of the High School, St. John, N. B.; C. J. Milligan, M. A., Manager of the St. John Daily Telegraph, St. John, N. B.: the Rev. C. Thaddeus Phillips; the Rev. T. F. Fotheringham, M. A., D. D.; A. E. Macintyie, Ph. D. ; the Rev. D. J. Fraser, B. D., LL. D. · the Rev. John de Soyres, M. A., LL. D.; R. A. Payne, of the S~. John Daily Sun, St. John, N. B.; the Hon. R. J. Ritchie, K. C.; the Hon. George E. Foster, M. A., D. C. L., LL. D., Ex-Minister of Finance of Canada ; the Hon. \,\lilliam Pugsley, M. A., D. C. L., K. C., M. P. P., Attorney-General of New Brunswick; the Hon. Henry R. Emmerson, LL. D., K. C., 1. P. · W. Frank Hatheway; Geo. U. Hay, Ph. B., D. Sc., Editor of The Educational Review, St. John, N. B.; the Most Reverend Henry M Turner, D. D., D. C. L, LL. D., Senior Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and Editor of The Voice of the People, Atlanta, Georgia; Henry A. Powell, M. A., K. C.; Michael McDade; the Hon. J. W. Longley, D. C. L., K. C., M. P. P., Attorney-General of Nova cotia; the Rev. Joshua H. Jones, M.A., b. lJ., President of Wilberforce University) the Right Reverend Charles Spencer Smith, D. D., A~sociate Bishop of the African Methodist Epi. copal Church· the Hon. Hugh John Macdonald, H. A., K. C.; J. E . .B. McCready, Editor of The Guardian, Charlottetown, P. E. I.; Geo. G. Melvin, M. D.; the Rev. John C. Coleman; His Royal Highness Prince Etbo, Ph. D., D. C. L. ; Scott E. Morrill, Barrister-at-Law; Joseph Howe Dickson, K. C.; S. B. vVilson, General Secretary of the St. John Young Men's Christian Association; James Hannay, D. C L.; the Very Reverend Francis Par• tridge, D. D., D. C. L., Dean of Fredericton; James R. Inch, M. A., LL. D., Chief Superintendent of Education and President of the Senate of the University of ew Brunswick ; the Rt. Hon. Sir Charles Tupper, Bart., M. D., C, B., G. C. M. G., P. C., LL. D., Ex-Prime Minister of Canada; J. J. Stewart, Editor of The Evening Mail, Halifax, N. S.; W E. Maclellan, Editor of the Morning Chronicle, Halifax, N. S. ; Vv. A. Mills, Editor of The Halifax Herald) Halifax, N. S.; T. O'Brien, Editor of the Saint John Monitor, St. John, N. B. \ A. H. MacKav, LL. D., F. R. S. C., Suoerintendent of Education for Nova Scotia; C. C. Blackadar, Editor of The Acadian Recorder, Halifax, N. S.; Jonathan Parsons, B. A.; the Rev. Robert Murray, LL-D., Editor of The Presbyterian Witness, Halifax, N. S.; J. R. Johnston, B. L, LL. B. ; vV. D. Dimock, Editor of The Truro Daily News, Truro, N. R; the Rev. Adam S. Green, M. A.; the Rev. E. M. SJ.unders, M. A., D. D.; T C. L. Ketchum, Barrister-at-Law; John G. Nugent, M. D. i Robert Hutchinson, K. C.; John C. Brown, C. E.; William D. Carter, LL. B ; J. L. Stewart, Editor of the Chatham World. Chatham, N. B.; the Rev.Joseph McLeod, D. D., Editor of the Religious Intelligencer, Fredericton, N. B.; C. E. Knapp, K. C.; and the Rev. J. W. Manning, D. D., Secretal'y of the Baptist Ii"oreign Mission Board. Stenography. Do not judge the stenographers' profession by those incompetent, quarter-educated tyros who have learned to do a little low amanuensis work and indifferent typewriting, and who rush off to take a position-any kind of a position-and then call them ·elves ''stenographer..'' If this were all that stenography offered, nobob) would think of recommending it as a vocation. But the real stenographer, ·who knows his business, who has a fair education which he is steadily broadening, has a profe sional outlook as as bright as that of any kind of. killed worker 'ii\'e know of. The real value of shorthand and its complementary art, type-writing, in busine s and the professions, is just beginning to be understood. Remember, our shorthand cour. is un urpassed. No brig11t young man or woman who is on the look-out for honorable and paying employment can make a mistake in becoming a good nmatmensis stenographer. There is not a city in Canada where the demand for good office stenographers is not far ahead of the supply. Cbt £urrit Busi tss «uni~trsitv, Cor. Church and Canterbury Streets, ST. JOHN. N B. Latest Styles in' Carrirges-. Beautiful in Design. Comfortable Riding Qualities. Large Variety to choose from We a.. e also Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Harness and Farm Implements and Machines. St. John Branch now located in new building. 17 Germain Street, St. John, N. B. J. CLARK & SON. Head Office; Fredericton, N. B. • 111 our ne~ Fall and Winter Stock-the bigge ·t and best stock we have ever offered. Are you a particular man ? the1t you . urely ought to see this grand assortment,-every style in vogue. Are you an economical man 7 one \vho wants the utmost value for his money? Then you are th man we want to s e. Styl s, colors, fabrics, weights, that are sure to please every critical dresser. CHESTERFIELD OVERCOATS-knee length and longer-$ro, $12, $I 2. 50 to '/f,20. LONG B X OVERC AT . 12, $13.50, $rs and up. SUITS.-Many of our cu.tamers declare that the handsomest suits in the entire stock are those at 12 and $,r 3. 50. It certainly is a fact that they are the best to be had for the money. · Mail orders receive careful attention. You will find our Custom Tailoring unsurpassed. A. GILMOUR, Fine Tailoring.St. John, N. B. Men's Clothing. CANADIAN . PACIF:'~C:.· Short Line to Montreal Through 11 a t Expres leaving Halifax at .45 a. 111., St. John 6.oo p. m., Daily xcept 'unday. First and Second Class Coaches and sl epers Halifax to Montreal. Imperial Limited to Pacific Coast 1'he Fast Train 1 a \"l ng ~Iontreal everv Sunday, w· .dne, day and riday at r r .40 a. 111., 1 making the run to Van ~ouYer in 97 hours. Carries Palac and Touri t "'le ping Cars. Pacific Express for Canadian Northwest and British=Columbia~1Points ·. 'Tc~ ~1 b,r.1.,;;~11'.; Leaves~ Montreal 9.30~~-a. 111 ., daily, carrying Fir t anting f 'atnrc-of Japan that it is b ·ing g-ui \eel by wise and cliscer11ing statesm n. Its leaders a1e 111 •11 of exct>llent ability and kan1i11g-p0\ ·rful m en-L'loqnent m n-mell who can ...,ta1 cl :-,ille bv sicl and hold their own with the gr at 11en of other race. . Thi 1 rings us to the salient point. Before the c ntury i~ ,·ery old, J1pan will as ·um t 1e hegemony of all China. Of conr~e. this will be clone with th con.:; nt and support of all th progr · sive ChineseChinese who ar im b ted with love of con 1try anrl freedom. And, then, a ne\ · era-au ra of prosperity and i11'luence-\ ill da , n for the Mong-olian rn , and, peradventure, for :-;ome of t 1e e,ther races. Let it be observed, too, that a race like the l\Iongolian race, with a large range of intellect rnl capacity, a hardy physical con. titution, a vast population, and a fine country to sustain it the m m nt it is well initiated ' . into the. genius and perplexities of modern ci ·ilization, will be able to swa: the course of its rh-als, and its friend-.;, and its fo , ad libitnm. Just pauc;c an l think: 45 ,000,000 people c nscious of their true place in comm rce and diplomacy, living in a great emp're, cemented together by tradition and blood, proud of their heritage, prote ted by a o-reat fleet on the sea and a great army on the land, enjoy·ng the races of knowledge and libert ·, would certainly play an impres.·i ·e part in th affairs of the nation . rithi1 the pa:t four years, a Japanese s ho1ar told n · that it was the ineradic'lble ambition of all his eclncatecl compatriots-nobles, statesmen, · lc1ier ·, priests, jurists, editors, ancl teac1wrs-to govern the whole of Asi::t. 178 NE1Tll The fact of the matter is, Japan will be driven, ultimately, to assert itself in China in order to obtain territory to colonize its surplus population. And all patriotic Chinamen will heartily welcome such a propitious turn in the tide of the affairs of their country. They will readily see that such a co11rse will eventually and inevitably disentangle China from the meshes of European and American suzerainty. On this question of suzerainty, let us say, that there i no justification, before the bar of equity and humanity, for Europe and America, by a system of wholesale tyranny, to milk China as if it were a big, fine, fat cow, and extract all the cream, and give the people who m1vn the magnificent animal, the tasteless and unwholesome whey. Japanese rule in China will very soon change this matter. And this will be the beo-inning·of the trouble between the East and the West, which, if not dealt with by sagacious statesmanship, will necessitate an alteration in the geography of Europe. Again, the Japanese are very proud of their race and origin. They maintain that they are the very elite itself of creation, and, that, in the near future, they will be the controlling people of all mankind. And their prophets foretell this, and their poets chant it, and their priests preach it, and their orators and actors speak it and play it on the platform and on the stage. Once Japan and China are united by the bonds of self-interest, selfpreservation, and self-aggrandizement, into a great hin -Japancse Empire, with Japan as the s Y r i n state and the head of the imperial government, the pow r of th l\longolian race will commenc to manifest itself in th political, : ocial, ancl religions eyolution of th \\·orlcl. The, im and en r T f Japan will wake up China from th entre to the circmnferenc . And th p 'Opl of China will begin to build railroads, and ships, and factori : and fonnclries ; and till th ground a ording to the best known m thocl: and jmproYement ; and rai e all kinds of domestic animal : and p n min s : and study th mark ts and tariffs of other nation·; and, in a nutshell, turn their att ntion to ,. r ·thing that will help make th m a gr at and mighty race-a race that can compel obedi nee to its command . An empire so solid, as thi · mpire would be, with a population of ov r 450,000,00 , could ea il.) k ep a standing ·army of 5,0 o,oo , and a militia-re ·en·e of 20, , or 25,000,000. And thi is not half \Yhat it could do if put to a test, or in ca. e it ,vere cl fending it:.;e1f or carryi11g on som offcnsiy campaign a ainst a great enemy. Japan ha al ·eady b ··gun to s nd missionaries all ov r liina. \ud these mi~·sionaries do a good deal more than simply teach religion : they teach the cidlization, and hope, and inspiration of Japan; that is, they teach their follo·w1.;rs and converts, th scienc of political economy, the ttp-to-clak th 'ory of responsible go\· rnmc.:11l, lll'· imperative need of unity, and the duty of . TE!Tlt 17Q ra e and n, t io11al palriotisrn. Arter a few •ears, this lcav ' 11 will sw ,11 the hr ·ast of th .·01mgcr gen rations. Moreover, both hina and Japan ar deeply hagrined at the r ception their p~ pl m t Yith away from home. 11 th countri s f !-Urope and \n, ri a hav ·trino-ent laws forbiclcl in er ~f ong li::m immigration. JI nc , soo11 r or lat r, in this cntury, :Mongolian i11yasion of the \'Vest is snr to ome. nd the first ti::i.ti n to suff r will b Rus ·ia. All Ru ·sia' s po. ·s s ·ion· in . ia will be swept away from h r. nd, then, th i11Yasiou will . pread into Europe. Ru · ia in E nrop will be overrun. The war h r will b most bitter and . anguinary; but the ~Iongolian. will h the victors, th conquerorsth y wm swarm lil-b es -and Russi, will b ,·anqui.. heel, dism ml er cl, and ra ed from th map of th ,.;yorld. Turkey will b the n ·t to fall. Germany, orway and S\'i' den, and som of the petty state. , will follow the de tiny of Russia and Turkey. Then, after Russia, Turkey, and ermany, and G n11a11y·s alli s, will ome the sad fat of Franc , Italy, u triaH ungary, Spain, Portugal, and th r l of tlie petty states of Europe. In a word, at the end of this fierc and blighting invasi n, the whol continent of Europe -i:vill b left in irreparable ruins, d sti ution, and despair. Iu this a rfnl cri is, the Unit d Stat s will knock at th door of the British nation, and snpp1i ate for absolute political fer 10, A. D., 732, between the rrank:--and the Saracens. The Franks , ·on. tThe Mohammedans number about 165, 000,000. +This was begun in . -rm , -o. r. a11d continued in Nos. 2 and 3. \,Y<· a, k the readrr to suspend judgment untii the last arlide of thr series is f1ni ~hcd. land, Sen·i, . Iontc.:negro, I 11lgari::i.. Pot11 11< 111, , and '\T ll Turb:y arc the ot1konH.! f ~ thc11...,, 1'hehcs. a11cl Rome. Ancl th· kndet. of the people.: of e, •r: 0 11L f these indc)encl •nt state·, from the ,-cry highest to the ·ery lo\\' ·:t, r' ei\· "cl their first nnptd: c of nationalism from h pi11g to r ·ach a broad ·r sph ·r of lihert), and justice, a11cl prosperity, bv a chmwc i11 th ,jr ci,·il aucl so inl -,-, comliti 11. \ lfrccl the Great, Fred erick the Gr ·at, PL'ler the Great Philippe nguste, Tiet r Emmrmuel, a 1 cl Gustaf Va:a ar_. 11ames that will la,·t as 1011g as th re is any ambition to gr \\' better 1 ft iu the human soul. 1\I rem·cr, th Puritans, \Yho fo11nclecl the ... Tc\\· E ngland tat s of orth merica, ar a crood in ·tance of colonization. That th y laid the groundwork of the Republic of th -nit cl tates go . \\'ithout saying-. And our o,,·11 ominion of Canada is another good inst8.nce. The R pnbli s of 11tral and South America ar th eYol ution of colonization. In fact, the whole ne :v-worlcl cidlization is the fruit of colonization. \Ve are o-lacl to s e that the outh e n .l.. T egr es Hre falling into line in this all-important matter. The Rt. Re,·. Henr · M. Turner, of Atlanta, G orgia, Senior Bishop of the African l\Iethoclist Et iscopal Chtn-h, a 1d ditor and publisher of Th \'oice of the P ople, i. a firm and resolute belie,·er i1 Afri an colonization, and has been instrum ntal in bringing ahont, in the onth, an oro-anization to that ncl. Bishop Tnrn r is of the opinion that th ~ T"'gr es of th South must ·111igrak or he c.·t ·rmin:1t cl rool and bran h. 'I'hc llon. John Te1npl · C rnn~s, a pr mi11e11t \\ hite Soutlicn1cr a11cl journali: , thinks so too. So did h ' ate Henry W. C racly. S do ·s .'e11at r John T. i\lorg·a11, of \lahama. And a hug m1111bcr of thoug-htful and intelligent men, of bo h rn 'CS, Xorth and . 011th, share the sa111 · \·ic\ ·. But of all the opinions, the most ya\uah1e i. that of the hite Sir J01111 A. )Iac lonald, the fother and founder and first prime minist r of he Dominion of Canada. Sir J hn heartily enclors cl our 1Ia11. \\ std mittecl it t him, YiYa YO e, ancl it m this ideas to th 1 tter. To q11ot from , ir J ]m's own ,,·ord ·, duri11g-a pri\·ate int rYie\\ in Ottawe , which w took do,,·n i11 shorthand : 1 'IT I TIIF, OXL • ''CORRECT \\"AY TO SOTXE 'l'IIE ''NE,RO PR HLE:i.\I, AXD I,IFT 'l'HE '' nGRO RACE l P 'l'O TIIE LEVEL OF ''THE NGLO-SAX X : Bt:T IT WILL "REQl'TRE V.\'l'TEX CE, COURAGE, ''LOYALTY, 'E I,F ·DE1 IAI,, GE:Nll7 , ''LEAR1 L'G, A. 'D STA'l'ES:\I.\N HIP, "OF 'l'HE RICHEST U.\LITY TO ''WORK IT 0"T A:XD MAKE IT A "PERFECT S11CCE' . l A:'lf ATIS"PIED TH \.T IT CA~ BE \\-oRKED OU'l' ' ACCOl
odds. That which is right may l~e ,·crlad u b ' private ill-doing, or yen smotherell for the time by the national cons ience. But it "·ill triumph e,·cntnally, and ''lead wrong a captive at its chariot "heels.'' man's character, and t1iat means a man's religion, is all he has. In the tr ·me1Hlous fore of selfinterest, when man's own aclvanc ment i: th gt1illi11g star, and the temptation come: to push others to the , all, or to ,·alk triumphant over their prostrate forms, what will keep a man just? Religion and nothing less. In the 011:-,lauu hh of passion, the mm;t powerful irn )Ulsh·· energy of .>JEITH hnmau nature, the exer ise of forces which arc incident to our being and have an almost irr sis ible t ndeucy to maste1 most men, what alone will bridle unworthy appetite, control propen. ity, and curb concupiscence, e\·en when pas:ing into act? nder God's h aven, only one thing, the inspired power of Religion. Man is a fighting animal. He has a keen sense of '\\ hat is due to him ; and classes ar b coming. under education, more actuat d 1y this, which formerly were content to b downtrodden, and to en· , without any strong feeling of re entment. On the other hand, capital has become an octopu ·, Vi' ho n rvous prehensile tentacles are grasping in a deadly embrace every one and eyerything that lives and moves. Struggles, bitter and bloody, have been born, and shall yet com to more anguinary maturity, if, indeed, the field of civilization is not to be bathed in gore, becaus of the growing and just sense of the worth of labor and the value of the worker's soul and body, and b can e of the developing tyranny of a bl ated plutocracy. Is there any common ground upon which these opposing forces can me t without mortal strife, retarding the world's omyarcl mar h to ord r and happi11es. , and hr akin alone, and that the growlh f rdigious indiffere11ce, a11d ·speciall · f i11cliff rence or hostility to 'hri ·tianity, is not only contrary to the trn prog-n~ ·s of societ), but fraucrht with g-r at clang r. Then were puhli. h d 1 tters on the sla,·e in which Leo xpre ·. ed o-reat sympathy for the downtrodden 11ntious of the East, a, w 11 as sla-v s iu frica and in Brazil. He accompanied these letters with mo11eysothat his peaceful crusade might b carried to a successful termination. In 1 '9 L, was written the great encyclical on th condition of the laboring clas. es. The first part of the letter showed in detail the injustice and practical impo. sibility of the remedies proposed by Socialism. The second part pointed out and analyzed the histor'c action of th Christian Church, which, by its un\\ a,·cring and anthoritati-ve teaching. by its commands, aud by it. countless in.titutious, alleviated and protected th condition of the workers, and inspired the v. ealthJ with practical Christianity. Fonner o-reat men have b en reat along ome ·pecial lines, but the late Pope was great in nearly eyerything he undertook, and his list of triumphs in the -various fields of action is a long one. He was a great scholar, philo opher diplomat theo logian, writ r, so iologi t and lumin ous Chri.~tian teacher. A keen critic, referringto Leo's letters, says: "His compo itions bore the conciseness of Tacitus the richness and elecrancc r8g of Cicero, and the grace of Sallustthe three classical writers whom the Pope prized al ove all others, and whom he wa , never tired of reading." Hi:s poems, graceful, elegant, displaying a delicate play of fancy and a subtle sense of word values, were the literary pa:time of his life. They were lately made accessible to English readers in the excellent and sympathetic translations of Rev. Hugh T. Henry, of Overbrook Seminary, Philadelphia. The most important ecclesiastical promotion in the Maritime Provinces, during Leo's pontificate, was the elevation of Dr. O'Brien to the Archbishopric of Halifax. Appointment to metropolitan sees are rarely made from among the ranks of the clergy, bishops being_ generally selected for that high dignity. His Grace was cons crated on January 21, 1883. Time has amply demonstrated the wisdom of the choice. Dr. O'Brien has displayed untiring zeal and marvellous energy as Chief Pastor, and proved an able and successful administrator. He has enriched Canadian literature with everal works of considerable merit. It is said His Holiness Pius X contemplates creating a Canadian Cardinal, and Mgr. 0' Brien's name is frequently mentioned in that connection. vVith all due respect to the pious and learned hierarchy in Canada there is no prelate among them better qualified or more deserving of the scarlet robes than His Grace Archbishop O'Brien. In conclusjon, it might be mentioned that the onl) member of the l ') Sacred College who ev r Yisit d St. John, was Cardinal Gibbons Archbishop of Baltimore. H ' r ceived the red hat from Leo XIII in I 886. Hi· Eminenc spent a few day: here about eight years ago, th guest of the lat Bi:hop Sweeny. The g nlle Cardinal possess s a winning personality, charming all those fayored with his acquaintance. Canada BY GEOR ,E SCOTT LO G may the land of the maple leaf flourish, Green be her valleys and fragrant her hills, Rivers of goodness her boundaries nourish, And bright n th land where liberty thrills. Still may thy lakes with their broadened expanses, Roll in their glee to the horn of the bnl\·e, Where ::,ons of Britannia lift their free glances And scorn in their pride the name of a slaYe. Peace to thy forests that wa,·e their green billO'\vs, Peace to thy riv rs that roll to the sea, Sounds of rejoicing be heard 'neath thy willows, Laughter forever be heard on thy lea. Daughter of Britain, thy mother enfolds th e, The child of her years, her hope an 1 her joy, May bounties of Heaven be . howered upon the , Joys all unceasing, with never alloy. Long may the land of the maple leaf flourish, Ne, er may traitors her greensward defil , Oh, still let her sons true liberty cherish, Her dauo-hters forever in happiness smile. Goethe's Faust BY GEORGE GILBERT WALKER M DER literature has produ ed thr e uniyersal minds, minds capable of o-a:dng int the very tlepths of man's soul and observing there th elements of his being, minds able to xplain human nature, rising-above the particularities of kirnlr cl or nation, and beholding th eutir race of mankind. Yet, these master hnmanists-Shakespear , Dante, and Goethe-stand for all that th rac s which produced them can claim in intellect and gemus. Each is th child of his mother-land, generated by the en\ ironment in which he grew, moulded by the traditions and history of his fathers, and reaching up to the loftie t heights of possibility by efforts universal in ambition, national in method and art. The emanation of a German mind, imbued with all the traits of the German character, and acted upon by the progress toward the ideal a: :een by education and interpreted by natural influences, the tragedy of Faust stands out as the masterpiece of the German nation. The impress of this nationalism is clearly discernible upon this grand poem. The subtletie. of logic, the beauties of classic form, the delicaci •s of thouo-ht and expression, are not to b fo1111cl h re. It is the massive uttera11ce of a ma~sive brain, viewino-at a glanc the entire range of humanity in its crudeness, blindne s, ignorance, and egotism, and picturing and interpreting through the predominance of its native feeling, the incongruitie · and the comicotragedies of human life. The tragedy of Faust is the tragedy of the soul ; the littleness of man's mind ; its groping in the dark and finite for infinity ; its falling back,_ at last, upon its own brutal animalism, only to find that the striving-for the eternal in itself, and the satisfaction of its sensuous organism are, alike, productive of failure and bitterness. The first part begins iu Heaven, passes through life, and ends on the brink of Hell ; the second part begins in Hell, passes through earth, and ends in Heaven, where Faust is finally saved, and Mephistopheles stands abashed and foiled. The former portion will sen e to show in a general way the conception of man as elucidated in the ponderous work. Opening with the Prologue in He:lven, and ending with the dungeon scene, it unfolds to one the snblim error of the human mind in its endeavor to reach omnipotence through the misconception of itself ; and the greater mi ·take and the terdble calamity of its seeking the purpose of life in appetite and through the animal. The Prologue in Heaven forewarns the r ader as to the outcome NE 1TH as found in the close of part two ; and, passing by it, the real drama is begun. Listen to the cry of the sonl as, baffled in attempting to rise to the contemplation and comprehension of all-being, it rails upon itself and the impossibility of succes : "I have, ala~ ! Philosophy, Medicine, Jurisprudence too, And to my cost Theology, With ardent labor, studied through. And here I stand, with all my lore, Poor fool, no wiser than before.'' He has reasoned, studied ; he has thought and experimented; and, yet, stands confused with all his accumulation of knowledge, utterly ignorant of himself and God. And the puny mind, moved by this grand ambition, which it does not understand, exclaims in its impotence: "Therefore, myself to magic I give, * * * * * * That I the force may r cognize That binds creation's inmost energies; Her vital powers, her embryo seeds survey, And fling the trade in empty words away." The man, the philosopher, from the loftiest pinnacle of prospect, drops down into the untutored child of savagery. It is simply the futility vf the attempt as begun ; the aspiration is ripe, and finds the scholar still at sea. Hear Faust as he contemplates the sign of the macrocosm : ''How all things live and vvork, and ever blending, Weave one vast whol · from Being's ample range ! How powers celestial, rising and descending, Their golcleu buckets ceaseless inter chang ! . Their flight on rapture breatl1111g ninions winging, Throu~h the wide sphere their D . . chimes melodious nngmg·. A wondrous show! but a11 ! a show alone ! Where shall I grasp thee, infinite nature, where? Ye breast·, ye fountains of ,ill life, whereon Hang heaven and earth, from which the v, ithered heart For solac yearns, ye still impart Your S'Weet and fostering ticks where are ye-where? Ye gush, and must I languish iu despair?'' Has there ever been a grander concept of man struggling to attaiu the essence of being, the omnipotence of the uniYerse, God Himself? And brought face to face with the world he claims as his to master and subdue, the earth which be, in his self-consciousness, thinks he understands and is lord of, listen to him, in amazement and fear : ''SPIRIT-\;\Tho calls me? FAUST, (turning asicle)Dreadfnl shap !'' And this earth mocks his efforts as vain and frnitless : ''SPIRI'l' To know me thou did'st breathe thy prayer, Lo! I am_ here !-\Vhat pitifnl cl spa1r Grasps thee, the demigod ! vVhere's now the soul's deep crv ? Where is the breast, whicl{ in its depths a world conceived, And bore and cherished. Where art thou , J,aust? whose voice I heard resound, Who toward me pressed with energy profound? .l T E I T TT rt thon he ? TlHJt1,-who111 thus 111y hreath can hlig-ht, rhose inmosl bei1w with affrirrht :-. ~ 'l'r · a crushecl a11cl /"') 111hles, . writhincr worm!'' "L n cloc::s 11ot comprl'hc::ml lifo. lTc lo ks to Lhe hasl' and morbid, not to Lit · a tiYe nll(l change, the unfolcli11µ; and growth of 1wturc, tht: infinite process f eyo]ution. ' '1-<"' l S'I'-Thon, re!ltks:-; spirit, do::,l from eml lo eml 'erswe ·p the world ; how 11ear I fed tn lhl'C ! ,'PIRIT , 'ltou'r lib.: thL' spirit, thou <.lost ~0111prd1cnd, t 111e? ( yauishl'.'.') F t·:-..T ( deeply moved)~ ""ol thee? \\Thom then ?" Indc.:ecl, like whom ? Like the spirit he concLiYccl in the earth :pirit, the spirit whom he defined in ll i: alte1 1pt to pi 'lnre the spirit he lt·1I jn:-,t conjured-the spirit of the anima l, the pas:--ionak, the h\.:stial, that i11 man which Sl'tTeS his tnrn as a hrnte, bttl whiL h cliITerentink him fr 11 a ~0<1. Un!lkd in the attempt t grasp the omniscient, the int ,]l -'Ct, in the n:ry ncleayor, gains lmt th · flesh. The cfr.,couraged d ~tor sinks hack lo carrion from his tirc:cl flight toward: Deity. This is a grand sotil, a 0111 with ib isio 1 fixed npo11 the dernal and its f -'el upon tht: earth. The worhl cl mon, he Oesh, with all it. necessity n 1cl strength of a1 petit<.: ,~l'ek:-; to draw its g-nze lo its ft:d. .:ikphist phele:-, is powerfttl ; he is to m:lll the animal \\ hich is in him ; man tries to comhat it, to ri.se nhm-e. it : he fails bccau ·c h _, craves for heaven and can not get from himself. This ironical, hitter, s11htle geni11s is nearer to man's sdf. "NI an is an egotist ; he thinks he ha.· . olved the riddle of the cosmos ; hi: boa: tfulnes: is but the spirit aft r all ; his delusion but the machination of his savagery. 1fcphi~t pheles, the perverter of mm ality and fitnes ·, leads man to a wron~ cone ption of his own being. Lon:, he grand and glorious emanation of cl c,ity, the foundation of human ..,, ·eetness and heroism, is that in manl·ind by which it is capable of appr a hing near Divinity. 'I'hrongh the sophistry of Mephistopheles, this Jove is identified with man's ani1 rnlism; the soul does not see that. the passions-th animal passions aP within it for the purpose of suhjC'cti n. It i necessary that man exert his volition ; existence implies manifc ·tation; manifestation compr hen ls action ; action implies can~c. r ·a: on, effect. :\Ianrnret is cl ceivecl and blasted · u ' Ion~ in its highest signification is mack t 1 cloak of licen:e, sin ; or, the misinterpretation of love, the ignorance of his own inmost feeling, make-., man th prey of his ov,•n potent clesir •. Though the spark of intelkctnal inspir tion still burns in the br , st, and struggles to kindle into n 1n. lr us flame of Divine kn \ ·1 lrr ~, the " 'Orlcl spirit, through its c elnsi,· ne. :, perverts the ambition, an 1 instead of shedding light, it gi ·e-., forth h at. And th · cl se of th tragedy finds the s tll n th v rge of the unkno \'11. It ha:-. passed through the ..l world ; it has dragged clown and distorted the inspiration of Deity : it has, through its ·1Neakness, ignorance, and credulity, depraved the tenderest feeling of its being ; it ha.-, so far as it was able, carried devastation and misery in its path. It stands horror-stricken, awed ; again blind, aye, blinder than before. Again it is back to its beginning, and has found nothing, knows nothing. The microcosm, through un- IT II awareness of itself and th r lation of itself to the infinite, in yain has endea\·ored to concefre the macrocosm-first thro11gh the Divin , next through the ·ensnal. The unknown is still existaut ; man is f nrther from God through the crafty proce::;. of Mephistopheles' manceuvre ; and Faust must work out hi· red mption back again through the world to the Great Spirit which he left for the spirit of the fl ·h. A SCENE A~r ST. MARTINS -. B. Through the courtesy of the K w Brunswick Tourist ssociatiou Literary Notes "JS IT TOOL TE?" by F. Blake Crofton, a pamphlet is u d by th Imperial F d ration (D fence) Committ e, is a Tell maintained aro-ument favoring th lo. r w lding of the . ey ral con. tituent of th Empir . l\fr. Cr fton, Librarian of tl:ie LegislatiY Library, Halifax, N. . , ha.· eyid ntly studied th qu 'tiou from all . tandpoint ; and the logic h re produced i · both ound and c nYin ing. A careful pent al of Ir. rofton's arguments will do mnch toward makincr plain the feasibility and advantages of th Imp rial F deration idea. I the nmguard of Canadian writers, Mr. Charle G. D. Roberts occupies a conspicuous po ition. Mr. Rob rts i. both poet and novelist, and eming strange, in ach capacity produce lit rature. "The Book of the Rose,'' hi:-, new poetical utput, will enhance hi· already flattering reputation ; and "Earth's Enigmas," a coll ction of . hort tori s of the lt1ml r camp. La kwood , and faucy, i but ,vhat on would expect from the author of ' Th Kin lrecl of the \ ild." MR. BLISS CARMAN has writ1:,l t n much good po try ; an l ''From the r n B ok of th Bard.·'' is as engaging and meritorious as are his former pleasing works. Mr. Carman long ago gave promise of what he is now accomplishing; his new book of verse is deserving the labor of a true poet. He sings the songs of nature : and in weet cadences breathes most happily the ''folklore of the mountains, the drama of the sea.'' THE Augu t bulletin of the Copp, Clark Co., Toronto, contains, among many others, the following books : ''From the Green Book of the Bards," by Bliss Carman; "Barbara Ladd," "Earth' Enigmas," ''Kindred of the Wild,'' and ''The Book of the Rose," by Chas. G. D. Robert ; ''The Adventures of Harry Revel," by A. T. Quiller-Couch ; ''All on the Irish Shore, ' by E. CE. Sommerville ; and "Gordon Keith," by Thomas elson Page. THE COPP, CLARK CO., Toronto, announce the publication of E. Phillips Oppenheim s new story ' A Prince of Sinners.'' Theauthor is an English story-teller, who is much esteemed in his own country, and is rapidly gaining favor in America. The scenes are among modern Eno-lish society, and the "Prince of mners is Lord Arranmore. Editorial Announce01ents T gi-ves us nm h plen-.ur · to he able to announ h r · tlwt th · following are among- our ~ttpple mental list of contribut rs for ·he ensumg year : Robert Hntchinso11, K. C. : John C. Brown, C. E. ; vVilliam I . Carter, LL. B. ; J. L. Stewart. Ld it r nf the Chatham \~lorld, Clrnthn.111, l . B.; the Re,;;, Joseph .1 l,cod , I. n. , EditorofTheReligionsJnt ·llig ·ncer. Fredericton, r. B. ; C. E. 1' rnpp, K. C. ; and the Rev. J. \\~. :\Ianning D. D., Secretary of the Bapti-,t Foreign Mission Board. WE wish to observ that we Jim. made arrangem nts t uhlish a series of minion and Doherty ORGANS. Berliner Gram=o=phones And a Full Stock of Records. ---AT-- W. H. BELL·'S, J79 Grmain St., ST. JOHN, N. B. 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