L I I. I 1ed m nt . ·: 1.00 a ycl 1 c. le op '. r J H 1 1 . • s . 6c. ach. DELICIOUS PANCAKES. ~ ... ix one cupful of Golden ~agle F,our, 2 cupfuls of 20th Century H1: •t Food and 3 cupfuls of sour mi k or butter ilk and a small teaspoon of bakin coda. Abo e ecipe i on every 2lb packet of 20th Ct ntury al h Food. NEITH ················-----·-----........ ,...................................-------~---- CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1903. --------················-- H. L. Spencer r\oHtisj)iece . '· 6,-, NEITH is Canadian ~ f ,J The ew Freeman ., 6,\ Venezuela 64 The U. S. Press Against Canada 65 Senator: McEnery 66 A ~ -~dtha~.• s ~avings 67 The Coal Strike Commission 67 Prof. Wagner on the U. S. 68 Mr. Chamberlain and the Boers 68 I. . 68 Our New Settlers Youthful Depravit)· 68 The Negro Problem and How to Solve it. No. · 1. Part 2 70 Sometime 73 By H. L. Spencer John Boyle O'Reilly 7-+ By John L. Carleton, K. C. Animal Plagues and Commerce . . 82 By James H. Frip~, D. V. S.. Beautiful Birds 89 By Sadie Walker The Editor's Desk 90 Literary Notes 92 Editorial Announcements 98 ttet tttt 11 ti ····••11t I I I I I I I 1111 I 11111 I I I I I I I II I 111 I I 111 I I I 11111 ti I I I 11111111111 II I I I 11 I........... ♦ • •••• •• • _, Issued monthly: 1oc. a single copy: $c.oo a year. N. B.-The $r.oo a year applies only to subscribers who reside in Canada or in the United States. In all other Countries the subscription price is $I 50 a vear. Advertising rates on application. All money should be sent by Express, or Post Office Order, or Registered Letter, addressed to A. B. Walker, Editor of NEITH, St. John, N. B., Canada. Printed by Paterson & Co., 107 Germain Street, St.John, N. B., Canada. NEITH: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, Philosophy, Jurisprudence, Criticism, History, Reform, Economics. Issued monthly: 10c. a copy: $1.00 a year. The $1 .oo a year applies only to subscribers who reside in Canada or in the United States In all other countries the subscription is r .50 a year. Advertising rates on application. A. B. Walker, B. A., LL.B., Barrister-at-Law, Editor, t. John . B., Canada. The following are among the contributors for 1903 : The Rev. W. 0. Raymond, M. A., LL. D.; the Rev. Fr. \\'. . Gaynor: the Rev. Robert Wilson, Ph. D.; th Hon. H. A. 1fcKeown, B. A., LL. B., K. C., M P. P.; W. P. Dole, B. ., LL. D.: Charles 'ampbell· . A. Stockton, D. C. L., LL.D, Ph. D., K. C.; George G. Walker; Professor Allen 0. Earle, D. C. L., K. C., Dean of the Law School of King's College · Silas Alward, M. A., D. C. L., K. C.; George V. Mclnerney, M. A., LL. B., K. C.; Henry ,v. Robertson LL. B.; John L. Carleton, K. ._; the Rev. G. 0. Gates, 1\1. A., D. D; the Hon. C. N. Skinner, n. C L., K. C., Recorder of the City of St. John; John ·. Miles, A. R. C. A.; Eben Perkins, M. E., Manager of the Maritime Nail Company and Portland Rolling Mills, St. John, N. B.· the Rev. W. L. Beers, B. A.; F. Herbert C. Miles; S. D. Scott, M. \., Editor of the St. John Daily Sun, St. John, . B.; the Hon. John V. Ellis, LL. D., Canadian Senator, and Editor of the St. John Glohe, 't. John, N. B.; H. L. Spencer, of The Gazette, St. John, N. B.; J. H. Frink, D. V. S.; Professor H. S. Bridges, M. A., Ph. D , City Superintendent and Principal of the High School, ::,t. John, N. B.; C. J. Mi1ligan, M. A., Manager of the St. John Daily Telegraph, t. John, N. B.; the Rev. C. Thaddeus Phillips· the Rev. T. F. Fotheringham, M. \.., D. D.; A. E. 1acintyre, Ph. D., of the St. John Daily Telegraph, St.John, N. B.· the Rev. D. J. Fraser, B. D, LL. D.; the Rev. John de Soyres, M. A., LL. D.; R. A. Payne, of the S~. John Daily Sun, t. John, N. B.; the Hon. R. J. Ritchie, K. C.; the Hon. George E. Foster, M. A., D. C. L., LL. D., Ex-Minister of Finance of Canada · the Hon. William Pugsley, M. A., D. C. L., K. C., M. P. P., Attorney-General of Jew Brunswick· the Hon. Henry R. Emmerso:,, LL. D., K. C., M. P. · W. Frank Hatheway; Geo. U. Hay, Ph. B., D. Sc., Editor of the Educational Review, St. John, N. B.; the Most Reverend Henry M. Turner, D.D., D. C. L, LL. D. Senior Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and Editor of The Voice of th People, Atlanta, Georgia; Henry A. Powell, M. A., .K. C.; Michael McDade ; the Hon. J. W. Longley, LL. D., K. C., M. P. P., Attorney-General of Nova Scotia; the Rev. J o;,hua H. Jones, M. A., D. 0 , President of Wilberforce University ; the Right Reverend Charles Spencer Smith, D. n., A~sociate Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church · the Hon Hugh John Macdonald, B. A .. K. C.; J. E. B. McCready, Editor of The Guardian, Charlottetown, P. E. I.; Geo. G. Melvin, M. O.; the Rev. John C. Coleman ; T. Bolden Steward, B. Sc., B. A.; His Royal Highness Prince Etho, Pb. D., D. C. L.; Scott E. Morrill, Barrister-at-Law ; Joseph Howe Dickson, K. C.; S. B. Wilson, General Secretary of the St. John Young Men's Christian Association; James Hannay, D. C L.; the Very Reverend Francis Partridge, D. D., D. C. L., Dean of Fredericton; and James R. Inch, M. A , LL. D., Chief Superintendent of Education and President of the Senate of the University of New Brunswick. ESTABLISHED 1818. The Oldest and Strongest Canadian Fire Assurance Company. SEGUBITY TO PDLIGY ffOLDEBS -l17J25J(O.OO. Minimum Rates, Prompt Payments, Liberal Settlements. Delays are Dangerous. ·'.Now is the time to insure your property. Don't delay this important and necessary duty until too late. Give us a call. Satisfaction guaranteed. Agents wanted in every town. R. . RIT 'HIE, General gent, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, 7 S Prince William ► treet, t. John, r . R. Tel. 269. Are to be the Judge. The evidence we have to submit is our entirely new line of BEAUTIFULI4Y COLORED Wall Papers, and the prices we have placed on them. If our line and prices don't suit, we cannot hope to sell you; but if you are like the great many who have seen them, your verdict will be in our favor. REID BROS. 56 King Street, Saint John, N. B. 'Phone 549. OONTWAIT for Somethin.S,To turn up. REPARE! our Situation Dept. will place you. CURRIE BUSINESS . UNIVERSITY. 29 Ganterbuiy St. , am"I s LIVERY, BOARDING and HACK Stables, 134 Union Street, St. John, N. B. Telepnone No. 11. One of the Bes~ Equipped Stables in Canada. Over 40 years in business. J. B. HAMM, PROPRJETOR . Jf. s:L~~~ %~~ 85 Germain Street, St. John, N. B. ~ P STAIRS. 11~g~1111m~e m ~ ml ~ 11 ~ m 11 ~ ~ ~ i_~ ~.-..-..----..__ ---=---=--~"' ~ ~~~~~~~ ~ ~~ ,_ I.' ! I 11 1.1 11" H. L. SPENCER From a photrgm,ph specially prepared for NEITiJ by P.H. Greeu (See Sometime, page 7 3) N E ITH A MAGAZINE OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE, ART. PHILOSOPHY, JURISPRUDENCE, CRITICISM. HISTORY. REFORM. ECONOMICS. ,\. B. W,\LKl-:H., -----El>ITUI:. VOL. I. IARCH, 1903. o. 2. We will begin this number , ith a specific declaration that 1 HI'I'H is nut a Negro rn ayazi11e, nor a Neith is Caucasian magazine, lmt Canadian a Canadian magazine in spired with Canadian prin ciples of Lib rty and Equit:. Race and creed count for naught with us. Onr criterion is based 0 11 m rit, and merit alone -honor, int l1ige11ce, courage, education. That , e discuss the Negro a go cl leal is not because we b long to the Negro type of the genu: homo, but h cause the Negro is downtrodden an 1 because we are Canadian, and als , because the Canadian p op1e, whit and black, believe in fair play. We appeal to no partjcn1ar class: nor do ·we depend entir ly upon any particular class ; our friends and supporters are among a11 classe~ : ancl this is the way ,\'e want it to be. Therefore, we ho e that it '"·11 be understood that E IT l: is as much the organ of the whit eople as the organ of the black p ple. She is the organ of all. 11 can clai111 her as their mvn. God is our father, and al men and all women are our br thers and sisters. It would ·ee.m from The ew Free man of )larch the 7th that its feeling towards us i. co11sicler . The New ably bilious a11cl nasty. Freeman It was onr hearty desire to be person~ grata ,.vith The ~Tew Freeman, nml we did our hcst to gi\·e eyidcnce of it in various wavs. ~ ncl, _perhaps. thi:-i i the real basis of our assailant·~ attack upon us. That is, our assnilant is like the ass that a good-natnrec lion tried to be demonstrably neig 1borly with, and which mistook the lion·s kindness and grac~ for. a lack of courage nncl strength, aqcl o_ne clay furiously jtlmpecl on the lion whe11 he lea.·t expected it; of course..at the end of the fra_ · there was a dead ass. "\'\"hen The ~Te"· Freema11 sneers at us on account of our race or our clark skin, it does not knm, what it is doing. Snc11 a spirit is utterly opposed to our mission-the mis ·ion of friendship, brotherhood, and humanitv. The ,.r <:w Freeman poses as the chief exponent of the eclucat d Irish Catholic:. of ... Tew Bnmsv\'ick, and, hence, it :-.honlcl he yery, yery careful how it cleals \\'ith serious questions. It must know that it i~ imp litic and unwise in the extreme, in this age and time, to kt an utteran e escape it which can lie reasonahl) int rpreted to mean that the race or the er ed it N E ITH 64 professes to represe11t is innately hostile to the N gro, and, that, too, without e,·en a shadow of prO\ ocation. It must also kuo Y that a great man · people, both "·hitc ancl black, belie,·e, and make no bones of expressing it, that th Irish Catholics, good, bad, and indiffer nt, are the egro's natural en mies ; but thanl· God for our own part Ye 11eyer believed it, nor do \Ye belieye it now. Far be it from us to doubt the philanthropy of ur Irish Catholic fellow citizens,becau:e some ignorant, prejudiced, bigoted scribhkr, ,,vho is unworthy of tl eir race or their creed, throw-; dirt at us in their name. In extending us a "·elc me into the ranks of journalism, The ~ ~ ew Freeman somewhat r :embles the officious imp who tri cl to court the favor of Jm: by offerin~ hit 1 a dish of rotten ambro: ia. Th imp gay~ all he possessed, and Jm·e rewarded him for his pains with a proper clucking in the River of Sty.·. ::: The Ne\\ Freeman sh ulcl not forget that we inherit a f w, at least, of the common impul:es which direct the general n111 of manki1 cl, ancl that *In ancient nwt holt> the an•~(•ls of 11• • the lower w01·lcl ,vorc IH)t allowed to t'Pl·Yl'rnments, are to 1>l' set at naught hy any aclYc:ntnrer or opportunist, ,,·ho may hl' dispo!-ied to question them, b ·cause he cl0<.:s not comprehend or grasp them, there will soon be an encl to all justice, and mankind, instead of going forward, will descernl to the scale or le,·cl of ordinary brute creation. The Yeneznelans _may thank their stars that they happened to be a small affair; if they had been on a par ,,,·ith some of the powers of Enrope they woulcl han~ long ago had to atone for their stubbornness. England does Hot like "ar-it is clistastcfnl to her feelings-but "·here it is forced upon her. or she i~ clri,·en to it by some foolharcly foe, !-ihe a·ccepts the situation "·ith all its results. President Castro was doubtless • misled by lJnited States demagogues into the belief that he would be defended in his wild policy of perseution and repudiation by the 1fonroe Doctrine. He expected that Admiral Dewey would !-i\\'Oop clown on the British ships and sink them the moment they entered the Caribbean Sea. But the redoubtable hero of the Battle of :Manila had no such an idea in his mind. Auel President Castro was doomed to sad disappointment. So the Monroe Doctrine clicl not materialize. J.:Tor will it en~r materialize when any European po"·er like England, or Germany, or France, or Ita1y: has to come on this side of the Atlantic to protect its citizens or enforce its establi. heel claims. Uncle Sam kuows a thing or t\Y0 : when England is indifferent about the problems f m rica he S\\'8g-g-ers u1 and clown as though he is the lorcl and o, ·ner and dictator of the • Te" \'" rlcl, hut th instant that F,1io-la11<.l,...., 5hows a hit of martial resolution his face is o,· red with grins and smiles·. Yes, l -ncl Sam knows when he is , · 11 ff ; a11d it is a good thinerb for him and his allies that this spark of in.'tinc does not forsake him at the right mom nt and in the right place. The newspap r.' and magazines of theUnitedStates constantly teem with editorials, and ar The U. S. Press tides, and skit , Against Canada tYhich breathe an unfriendly spirit toward<; e ·erythiug anadian. And passing strange, it i n ver taken into consideration that thousands and thousands f th se ry mis ile of slander are furni 'hed to Canadian subscribers and dealers. ow, our idea is, for all self-respecting Canadians to stunmarily gi,·e up buying any newspap r or magazine which makes it a commot practice to abuse them. Once such a cour e is generally adopted, it will n t b long before theYanke calumniator 'v\ ill see the fruits of his ingratitucl in the diminution, in his till, of Canadian dollars and cents. Jo o her rebuk will :-.o quickly brino· him to hi. senses. It \\·oulcl be well t try it. The Hon. amuel t glas IcEnery, United ~'tates Setialor from Louisi NE ITH 66 mm. 'has a lengthy arti le Senator in The InclepL'11el i ·,·t:d, ... < cl created the white 111:111. anc1 the cl ,·il created the black man, and, fon:uoth, made a misl:rably poor job of the affair. . ccs no redeeming-f ature ··whate,·er in the 1 • egro. To him. the educat c . refined,11011e t, ind u. trion:-. Negro is _,recisely th sa11 • as the ignorant, coarse. ,·icion ·, lazy ... T egro; both ar destined to hem niab to the Cancasion. ~ 11cl he tt. e:-. the arl captandum argmul'nt tlrnt 1 eca11se the egro s did not mns. ~,ere all the white wome 1 and children during the civil ,, ar, while all the ab1 bodi d whit men \\ er aw.1y to the front, it is hsol nte proof that they did not appreciate the omens of freedom or t he opportunity to mete out vengeance to their oppressors. "'e can tell Senator :\IcEnery that this i:-. truly a mark of grt.'.at fortitude aml forbearanc on the part of the :outhern egr e-;,. ncl will stand to th ernl of time as in ontrm·ertihle testimony that they are, as a race, :o uniformly kind, and gentle, and trusty, that they will not cyen turn on a foul ancl raving and ug-1 , foe \\'ho has his re{ hand uplift cl to thrust a dagger into their backs. We are ~nrprisecl that Scnator ~IcEnery shonl l treat such a spknclid disposition as Yic encl'. of anything but the rich ·st a11cl most robust type of 111, 1tlit1<.:SS. Tf the ... -e,., roes had risc11 in the South, , he 1 their masters were ab-.,cnt, an l 1 ul their fi11ger~ in Yi 1ence 11 the cl ·fen dess a11cl distracted ,, hite , 0111 ·11 and children we would hraud them, _·en, curs th m, as a lot of cle:-,pi 'al le cvwarcb. But they dicl not ri.-,: th y remained as true as sted in the an-ful chains which galh:cl their necks, and under the awful burden:-. \\·l1ich \\ eighted them to the g-r uml. \\'cs 1011lcl not lose sight of th fact, that a large numb r of • egro s took part in the 1:'nio11 • r111y, and proYcd themsch· s l b good s 1liers, just as good< s th white s ldi rs on either side The ~ rthc:rn X egr .., fou,.,ht for liberty , ncl the pr s n ·ation of th republic, and he Southern Negroes ponrccl --.o thing oil into the wotmcls of their u 1c111 i •--.. '"the: Southe n1 ,,·hit ~ p opl should hear in 111i11cl :-.hould neyer forget, that th~ hulk f all the ~egro's dcgrmh tio11 rc....ts upon their shoulders. \'hnte,· ·r f the baser Yice::; he posse:. cs may be a ily traced to their cloor. H ~ may b bad, but the_· an: , ;>Tc:at d ~al worse. To contend t 1, t he: is incapahle of reaching the ~~;oal of all the 1e. t there is to be attained in Christian ci,·ilization is simt 1: ricli ulous moonshine. All he wants is ju. lice and knowledge in their fuln ss and h will become the peer of the whit man ; and this is e1 oug·h. · \"\ , are g1nd to not that The Independ ·nt, in an ~xhaustive editorial ' NE ITH 67 g1ves Senator McEnery a sonnd crit1c1s111g. Indeed, the editor of The Independent condemns the spirit of the article all through. It seems to us that uch articles do the egroes more good than injury; they stir up the genius of humanity and philanthropy. The following quotation is from a speech delivered, the 14th ult., by Senator Tillman, of A Madman's South Carolina, at Ravings a dinner of the ew York Press Club : ' ' Take Booker Washington or any ''other nigger and raise him as high "in the scale of ciYilization as you ''want to. What are you doing ''when you do this? I'll tell you ; ' 'you are ::;hutting the door of hope ''in the face of the white man. You ''are starting to turn thi Govern' 'ment over to Africans. othing ''but this can happen within the next ''fifty years if the present system of ' negro education continnes. What ''i to stop negro domination in South ''Carolina if this goes on? Nothing ''but immigration, and immigration ' 'of whites, if you could find enough " willing to go into a State run by " niggers, means that the South ' Carolinian of fifty or a hundred "years from now v\ ill be half or ''whole mulatto. To prevent this ''the people of the South are willing ' 'to take the bloodiest of measures. "You may believe that God Al' 'mighty meant that the nigger ' 'should be the equal of the white ''man, but yon can't shoot it into " the man from the South, and ''assure you that you can't vote it ''into him. The only solution of 'this problem, my friends, i for you " people of the orth to take your "share of these niggers if you love ' them well enough. We will gladly ''swap you three niggers for one '' good German or any other decent " white man. What we of the South " fear most is the handling of this ''matter by those who do not under"stand it." Ala ! this is the sentiment that the Southern blacks have to daily and hourly contend with. The ew York Press Club must have been extremely hungry for entertainment when it would court or relish such miserable, vulgar, base blackguardism. Were it not that we wish to let as many people as possible know the true inwardness of the South, and the load of abuse and threats and taunts that the egroes have to bear there, we would not allow a single syllable of it to soil our pages ; and w trust that the reader will accept this as a tenable apology. The report of the comm1ss10n appointed by President Roosevelt1 last October, to 111Tke Coal Strike quire into the Commission matters which led to the anthracite coal strike, has been handed down. It is dated March 18, and signed by all the commis ioners. pon the whole, the report is fav orable to the miners. And if its recommendations are carried out, th NE ITH 08 miner: of Penns) h·ania, alone. \\'ill re ·iye an increase of _"'6,000,(11>1>, a1111nally, in\\'agcs. ~1 is tribunal will sern: as a pn:c dent in a11 similar disputes, bd\\ LTll capit::il and labor, throughout the i ·ilizccl world. Too much praise cann t be g-i vcn the President of the "C11itecl States for resorting to this most statesmanlil-e cour'->e to atljust a q nestion of such Yital importance to the nation.' Again, it is necclkss to :--ay th, t the \\ ork of thl' commission would han~ been fraught \\'ith great difficulty, hacl it 11ot hct:n for t he splendid scn·ices n:mlcrt:cl to it, in the presentment of the \\'orhngman' s ~ause, b) Mr. .l\Iitchell, President of the enited ?-.Iinc \Yorkers of Ameri a. Political economists will now be able to act a new rok in dealing with th· relation which e.·ists bl'twl:ell the mo 1e1 king; and the man who earns his li ·ing by the sweat of hi:-; face. I 11cleecl, they .will learn that the goldbags of a people are no more po\\'t:rf11 l, Yl en left to themseh·es, than the pie -and the shon~l. Professor Adolf \"\-agner, of the Uniy r ·ity of Berlin, thinks that the people of the l nitecl Prof. Wagne r States haYe Yet n on the U . S. good deal to learn from Europe in the es:ential lement:.; of ciYilization. He faj}s to see that the United States hm·e done so much to ncl\'nnce or ele,·ate the human race. As to the 1onroe Doctrine, he characterizes it as a colo. sal pi ·ce of assumption. Professor \\ agner had hdtu· kt:ep ont of Ya11kc:l'attic or th · death of a great man. r the happening-of some other grea event, is Ho more than what can he easily tang-ht to a poll parrot. Peacling, writing, and ciphering, as a mere accompli. hment, clo n~ry little towards levating the tone of the heart. It cannot b ·aid th, t the student g-ai11s a hit of moral or religious genius by rca.cli11g the account of Spanish persecution, or wrjting the words, London, ~ Te,, York, a.nd Paris, or doi11g-a sum in arithm tic. \\ hil · this 1·incl of knowleclg·L is u eful atHl yalnahle as a means to '.lll 1 end, it dot:s not, per , c, contribute a single atom to the pm ity i ml holine~s of charact<.:r. Ilence, the only \\'ny to c_·tirpate all the low, brutal, animal nature from the human breast, a.ncl snppl nt it with love, mere~·· and beneyok.n e, i:-: l>y the introduction of a co1.1pr hensive ~_-stem of ethica.l studies an l L'.·en..:ises in all the different gn e. of our public schools. \ kuowlccl~<:: awl practic~ of ethics-we mean Christian ethics-will swc ten and deepen the \\·hok res acumenis ol the pupil. It strikes us that all the princi )U] Christian ~ccb could agree up n a NE ITH 70 complete set of text books. setting forth all the fundamental canons of Christianity, without neutralizing, in the slightest degree, any of their private tenets. If this is done, and made compulsory, the boy problem can be soh-ecl in a single g neration. The Negro Problem, and How to Solve it* TO. I. p AR"l' TWO. This scheme of ours, to settle a portion of British Africa with a braye and intelligent type of black people and white people ·elected from civilized countries, is by no means unique. The early nations of Europe serve us as authoritative precedents. At all events, out of the history of the evolution of Europe we get some pointed lessons. Let us take Greece as a starting point. Greece wa civilized, under circumstances very similar to those which to-day hamper the Negroes, by colonists from Egypt and Phc:enicia. The city of Athens was founded about 1556, B. c., and the city of Thebes about 56 years later. The Egyptian colonists settled in Athens, and the Phcenician colonists settled in Thebes. And these two settlements form the germ of European civilization. While Egypt was at the very zenith of her power, the Egyptian *This was begun in the February nnrnber; and we ::isk the reader to suspend judgment until the last article of the series is finished. kings constantly kept vast armies on the march subduing the nations of Western Asia and harassing the barbarians of Southern Europe: and, iu addition to taking all the booty in gold, sil-... r, horses, cattle a11cl sheep, that thev could lay their ha11ds upon, they seized all the b st men aucl women among the yanqui ·heel and held them a: slm s. t one time there were ten thousand royal prisoners in the city of On. When Seso ·tris ruled Egypt, the mensen1ants and the \Y0men-sen·auts of his court were the kings and queens whom he had conquered in war. This went on for years and years until there were extensi-...e localities, thronghout Egypt, composed entirely of Asiatic and European captives. And it finally came to pass that th captiyes outnumbered the Egyptians. On this point, with r sp ct to the Israelites. the Holy Bible is ,·ery explicit. For it says : ''And the children of L rael were "fruitful, and fr1crea~ed abundantly, · and multiplied, and v\ axed exceed"ingly mighty ; and the land was "filled ,\ith th m. Now there arose "up a new king OYer Egypt, which ''knew not Joseph. And he ·aid to ''his people, Behold, the people of ''the children of Israel are more and "mightier than we : come on, let us ''deal vvisely with them, lest they ''multiply, and it come to pas , that, "when there falleth out any war, ·'they join also unto our enemies, '·and fight against us, and so get "them up out of the land."* And it once happened that the *Exodus i : 7-10. NE IT H 7 slan:s IJt:c 111e so 1111111erons and powerfttl that they made a plot to over throw the kingdom. A..s soo 1 as these slaves in the course of clo'l.cn generations or so, fairly acq ired the rudiments of the ci\·ilizatiot of Egypt, and a few of their h ig] 1cst types equallecl the Egyptian Jchool111en i11 all the niceties and refi.11 neats of knowledge, they longed to e free and independent. There is a 1 emphatic and clever exhibition o the genius and learning of the g-rc t 111e11 of the slave class in the case o Aaron and thesavants of Pharaoh : Aaron outwitted and foiled the] ayants at their own game. \\re canno · do better than to quote the iucide t : " And tl e Lord spake unto Moses ''a11cl unt Aaron, saying, when ''Pharaoh shall speak unto you, say' 'ing, shO\ · a miracle for you: then " thou sha t say unto Aaron, Take "thy rod nd cast it before Pharaoh "and it sn 11 become a serpent. And ' ' ~Io~es a 1d Aaro11 went in unto ''Pharaoh a11Cl they did so as the ''Lord ha commanded: and Aaron " cast elm, his rod before Pharaoh, "nncl hefo e his servants, and it be,'came a serpent. Then Pharaoh "also cnll l the wise men and the · 'c;orcerer. : uow the magicians of "Egypt t ey dic.l hke manner ·with ''their en iantment~. For they cast ''down ey ry mnn his rod, at_1d they · 'becnme. ·rpents : but Aaron's rod ' 's" ·allm, 1 up their rods." * Aaron , as a 1110.::;t eminent orator; there \YUS 110 man in Egypt so eloquent a11c pofo,hed 111 speech as this famom, J , . *Exodus ii:8-12. Sometimes the Egyptians would grant the slaves of certain places their liberty upon the condition t~at they forthwith leave Egypt. lnd the Egyptian government freque11 tly gave them aid in procuring ships :u1d caravans to convey them away. After dwelling in Egypt for cen uries. the slave population, by a ~ rocess of miscegenation, became re or less mixed with Egyptian blood. And it often occurred that a , perhaps, I'll go a va) ,May 1> ~, n crutches, and hrinkcl, ancl .::,ra) , Fro111 this \\T" 11 tcr-laml to th " lancl f 1 Iay, \\'here th cow bells are • h ·a) . ringing-: \\.h ·r, that tired feeling is n · er k 110 \ n 111 heart, r h ain, or nm-;cle, r ho11e, \.h •r, 11, ·er is hearcl a ..,igh 01 a gro, 11, £ rnl the hirds ar ahrn.) ssi11gi11g. *· ·, l◄'rcmli p it>c•c·. John Boyle O'Reilly RY JOI-IXL. CARLF.'.ro , K. c. JOH L. CARLETO-:--r, K. C. FENIA , felon and escaped con vict l Athlete, journalist and philospher ! Tribune of the persecuted, '' poet of red-veined humanity'' and, with acknowledgements to the late Lord Lyon Playfair, '' the most charming man on the American continent !' Such was John Boyle O'Reillythe Boyle O'Reilly v. hich the editor would have me introduce to his readers ; a task I accept with painful appreciation of personal limitations, but with veneration and most loving admiration for the subject. Irish rebel and cultured gentleman ! Impossible ! some will say and many may tliink. The yery des ripti,· ·s with , ·hich I open are patent o · improhability. The fi ry son of 1 I:1r-, rca 'hi11g up lo the high-a11cl 11car the highe:ttops of Parna:. us i: certai11l~ paradoxical: hut, cl ar reader. such i-. 110 isolated case with Eri11 and the -..011~ of Erin. Schill r makes his h ·ru "'a) : " H I were always ,,·ise in council T,, ould not be \\.illia111 1' 11. " .\ml if , e v,,ere alwa) s encl ,,-eel \\ ith colclb1ooded sagacity of th ' E11g1ish hncl ,ve would not hrn·e o·Reilly -.; arnl we would not b Irish. The contraclictions of the H ibernian character arc th' 11atlirc 1 outcome of disposition a11cl the logical result of en,·ironm 11t. S ir John Moore touched the k ,· when he sai 1: " If I were an I rishm~rn I would he a rebel.' ' RemoY the cl iscon ent and insurrectionist from th hills a11 l valleys '' "·here a thousand wild fountains go down to the s a from their homes in the mountains,'' aucl the sometime rehel becomes a 111 clel patriot. I have heard p ople talk f 111,· subject, because they dicl not know him, as if he wer a kin l of apotheosis of Irish enthusiast: -a r uegacle soldier and dog-g-er l rhyrnster elen1ted by the praise of bis eqnally degenerate countrymen; and one o casion comes to my memory when a loud-mouthed, self-sufficie11t cletra tor was 011fou11dccl on h ·ing pr 'S ·11 l ·d NE ITH 75 with a copy of 'The Exile of th Ga:l '' and ask d to read it ; which he could not properly do. I aclvis, any one holding like views to read that poem, the gr ate ·t tribute an alien tongue has yet paid to "The sons of a rac of soldiers who neyer I ·at ncd to yield.'' In Ireland there is a perpetual w clding of the martial gods and th :\Inses. but the compulsion of nee ssity ofttimes compels the husband to 11 gle t the \\·ife : still he is never fats to her and in more congenial climes his cle,·otion to his mate become:-. a passion. \\1 · have :-;ee11 the Fenian Edmund O' I) 11oya11 in England become honored as ··the .. Ian of :Men·'' ; John l\Iitchell, of the learned rebels of'48, in America become the man '' who loyed ri,·ers and poet.· who sing of riv rs '' ; the S\\'ord of a sovereign who was r fused allegiauce at home, fall 011 the shoulders of the four times prosecuted and persecuted malcontent and h arose a knight, Sir Charles (~. van Duffy ; in our own Canadian home one of the Fathers of Coufed rat1011 and the idol of a great political party, was the identical Thomas D' ~ rcy McGee who sped for life and fr edom o'er cottish heaths and Irish moors. At \Yhich the Englishman wonders and does not comprehend. h ; there is an almost immeasurable gulf between English ideali. m and Irish mysticism and the only bridges \\'hich will ,·er span it are mutual r sp ct, toleration and confidence. lt 111:1.y he possihlc to treat, hut hardly to mak plain to the ummtiated, the character of the Iri. h patriot without at least an elementary instruction in Irish history. Thomas Davis besought the sculptor Hogan, commissioned to make a statue of O'Connell : On hi· broad brow let there be A type of Ireland's hi. tory. Chisel thus, and thus alone, If to man you'd hange the stone. The spirit attributes and genius, the very atmo. phere of O'Reilly's life and soul, were so impregnated, saturated and inoculated with the aims, hope and aspirations of the land of his nativity-the pivot and main-spring of all hi.-deeds and darings-that only tho:e who have the fullest measure of knowledge and corresponding sympathy for a race who claim their '' right by a people s fight outliving a thousand years,'' can properly di, ine or accord it justice. Without apology, for truth needs none, let it b · said that for b eio-ht centuries Eno-land ha ruled but has not gO\·erned Ireland. Why? Be4 cause she neyer has and does not yet understand th Irishman. She has been and is either wilfully blind or culpably careless to the fact that her eight hundred years of oppression, repression, stern gO\·ernment, expatriation and extermination hav been continuous chapters of failures and that '' treasons tratagems and spoils '' thrive to-day under the very eyes of her army of occupation as :-;ur ly and ,·igor usl · as in the clays 76 NE I H when Red Hngh w nt on ircnit and the Red Right Hanel w e s 11 the s110\v-white folds of the :tanclarcb of Dungannon. England wants to ,., Y rn Irebncl according to England· idea ancl she cannot see and will not mid r:tand that Ireland will not be so g Y rnecl. The Englishman knmn, that ther is friction bnt complac ntl · im. gines that it is all du to chr011ic ·1nd trresponsible ' (agitat rs.'' Dear me ; ,,·ha a long-li,·ecl race these agitat rs are? How ma 1y thousands 11 on thousands of them haYe e.,isted from O'Brie 1 of Thomond (1 17+ ) to Redmond of '\\Taterford ( 19 .:; ) ? The Englishman 1 as many e.-cellent qualities ; not th least of \\'hich is his fairness. onYince him hat wrong is b ing clone in his n, me and he ,vill rectify it. Th trouble is to convince him. If he has the good qualities he has als all he bad ones of a dominant rac -lof y superiority, egotistical i11fallibilit · ~nd brutish insolence. H . peaks ancl it ·s law ; because he mad it L w it is right ; being right he will 11 f rec it to a kettle-drmn accompc: niment of, ' (we don't want to fi.00 -ht , · bnt, bY.,; jingo if wedo, we·,·e a-ot th ships, ,ve've got the me11 and \\-e·,·e got the money too !" Instead f cl d aring and treating Ireland as a partner in the good and eYil fortun f tl e Empire he allots her all th d gracl8.tio11 and contmnely of the de est l , O'l cilly. O' Reilh '-.; !if reac.ls more like ro111a11c1: than the actnal happening of the 11i11ct · ·nth cc.ntury. He \Yas horn at D , th Castle, County of Ieath, Irebn l. n June 2l:ith, , ~44. Som •011L h, s c..;ai l that >ou can 11e,·er c.l :-.troy th · spirit of Irish 11atio11ality until you obliterate eyery trnc ... and ,·e ige rnth nncl ruin, hillsid and gra ·e>, rd in Erin and cn~ry bit of fc lk lore and tradition that attnche. t them. O'Reilly's birthplace, ·, s, and hi:-. first fifteen \" ars of lif, ,·er · spent in an atmosph re of ,111 it:nt gl ry ancl pre ent 111bfortn11e. 11ly he :onthfnl Spartacus Y110 ha:-. cla!--p · l the knees of a ,•..-. n rabl g-rnnclsiP and felt his h art palpitat , his bl ocl quicken and his y mth cl ee -hurn as he Ii ·ten cl to th t, le of th · n cromancy of Druid prie:-,;t, the top of Slane agl w with 1 atri k'-. kin lled fire, cota' · banner an l Mile ian . nnburst, the ·al r f Bcnburb, the horrors of th l ntchery of Dr ghecla, the pusillanimity of a king-who would an 1 \ · uldn't fight at the Boyne, the in:--;piriting and depressing tales of \·ict ry and d feat, , ncl then retir s to r st soothed by a lu11riby of bright Yi. ions rocked in a cradle of legEind and r 11rnnc,, ca 1 properly speculate on the h p s, ambitions and resolnti n. that w a,·ecl th 111:eJy s i t O ·ill ' boyi-,h b ing and mad him-rdl, made him Bo ·l 'R illy: fr 'R ilh Juel a11 origina i y of his own not comparahk to any oth r. \ t elc:Yen year:-, f ag • he was at the case, a pr·nter'. apprentic ; at si.·tecn he \\a:-i pl_·ing hi: trade in E11gland-a11cl · ·en there the lea,·en 01 Fenianism "as at wor -. I11 I .'63, thorong 11_ im lrn cl\\ ith its c..;entiment: and t gi ·e effect to its propaganclism, he returned to I eland and enlisted a, a trooper in the Tenth Hnssar'-i, Baker Pasha's famous regiment. His moc..;t i1n-et rat · enemy-that is if O' >eilly e, r dicl ha · an enemy : f cour:-, he h, cl detractor:, for c,·c:r. thing I rish, animate or ina11i1tate, has th m-can only charge him Yitl that false s ep. n otherwise. irreproachable life had that dishon r-the , tain t perjury ; the oath t maintain , ·hat he had \'Owed to destroy. D fen e of it would 1e special pleading ,Yhi h at 1es could only confess and en l avor to avoid. I let it !'>tan l malum ins and offer neither his youth-n t y t nineteen ylar: of< g-e-a 1inh ,ritance of bitter mem ries nor the distres, ed, famine strich::11 condit1011 of the c untry as justification. His own after year._,' opinion of the -futility of su h 1110\·eme 1t is thu. e.·pressecl : " \\'hen Ireland lays down the pike and ake:-. up th word bu ad,·anc · begins. She ul 1 not rel(h her ·nemy':-. heart \Yith a s\\orcl, -.;he captur s hcrs ul with an argument. '' Jn. tin :\I Carthy ( Reminis ences Yol I, 2 1 2 ) say:-, : " I came to know John l m le o· R illy well , and found NE ITH 78 him a true friend. The n ~ry sonl of chivalry was in him. In some of our conversations he told me that the one thing in his political life he re,gretted was that he had worked for the Fenian organization ~ hile still wearing the uniform and taking the pay of the Queen. If it were to do again, he said that he would have got out of the Army in some way in the first instance and then joined the insurrectionary movement ; but that he would not have become a Fenian while actually serving as a soldier in the British ranks. The scruple of conscience so frankly acknowledged was in keeping with all that I have ever known of Boyle O'Reilly's noble character.'' The outcome was inevitable ; the treason was discovered; O'Reilly was court-martialed and sentenced to death. More merciful counsel prevailed ; the death sentence was commuted to imprisonment for life, and subsequently reduced to twenty years penal servitude; and shortly the convict ship was on its ,1vay to what he called " the nether world,· ' '' the land of the songless bird and scentless flower. ' ' In a little over a year he escaped ''the chains that are never forgiven. '' The sensational incidents of his flight, pursuit and eventual freedom would take the whole of a magazine article to adequately describe. A satisfactory account of it remains to be written. At the time when everything connected with it was fresh in O'Reilly's mind he could not do it for fear of jeopardizing those who had assisted him; when that danger was removed time had dnllcd tltc fi ner edge of memory. At tv..,enty-fi,·e lie \\'as a frc~111 a 11 i11 n1erica~ l111ost i111111 ~cll ntc l:y 11 · commenced to nwke Iii:-; 11wrk. i11 th · world of letter:. \Vhile 011 the 01\L' hand he was culti,·ating the ~I uses and appealing to the int llectual, 011 the other he was rapidly gai11i11g distinction "in all the manly art: and accomplishments in a \\'ar we are altno ·t afraid to chronicle. so like a hero of romance the list would make hims em.'· He was war corr ·pond nt \\'ith the Fenians in Cauada-a moye111<..: 11t with which he had 110 ·ympathy because he SR'iY it· pred stined fail11r . His literary vrnrk attracted tit attention of Horace Greely \\·ho made him flattering offers which 1i cl ·dined. He became the editor, then co-proprietor, then editor a11cl sol proprietor of The Pilot, '' the Iri: hman's Bible," at th time the mo ·t po,verful Catholic newspaper in th country. He ,., a.~ a popular lecturer, a P,0et, novelist and champion of every per:ecuted pers n or thi11g-1111der the snn. With a most winning per. oltality and gifts that amounted to g-nius, he obliterated the prejudic s attached to being an Irishman, a Catholic, a Fenian and an escaped com·ict: with a lofty idealism and a force of character, which appealed to e,· rything high and ennobling, he broke down all social barri rs and became the honored guest of the most conservative drawing rooms in the most conservative city of the continent. To the eud he remained O' Reill · th NE l TH 79 I ri:-.hrna11 and the Catholic, nnmasking hypro risy, ridiculing false pr t 11sio11s an l attacking social evils with a stre1wth b gotten of right a11d justi , and on th tenth day of A ugn:--t, r .190, he laid do\\ n the burd 11 of life amidst th unqualified respe t, keeu " t grief and greatest s •ns of loss, not only of tho. e who kn \\' him, but of those who knew of him. Pr sicl nt Cap n, of Tuft:, C 11 ge, said: " \Vh uProtestantand Catholi shall join with each other in producing a type of Christianit) more gra iou.·, mor beautiful, more pure than any that ha yet been exp riencecl, brino-ing the life of our Diyiue Lord and Ma ter nearer to the h arts of m n than it has ever yet b en-this man shall have his proper pla e, this man will be recognized as a prophet and a seer, as the very in~trmn nt of God in bringing about the glorious consummation.' ' A Ko uth might turn a deaf ear to th wails of the egro bondsman of the South ; not so an O'Connell or an O' Reill . Omnipresent inju. tic was a practical reminder to them of the ruthl ssness of despotism. In tincti,·ely aud by common consent O'Reilly be ame the white faced ·pokesman of the emancipated but still d Taded black man. Race and sects were to him a profanity : Hindoo and egro and Celt were as 011 · Large a~ mankind was his splendid humanity, Larg in its record the work he has done. H tarted in life an Irish patriot bnt experience soon taught him that the world posses:,ecl other tyrants a. implacabl a the Lord· of th Pale and Cromwell's soldiers; there were Irish slaves, and Indian slaves, and egro slave , and work-a-day slaves of rnonstrou · corporations vvho made ninety serfs grind luxury for ten. And out against them all, from first to last, he hurled th indignant, wrathful, thunderbolt of his scornful, defiant, anathema. My land ! I see thee in the marble, bowed Before thy tyrant, bound at foot and wrist-Thy garments rent-thy wounded shoulder bare-Thy chained band rai eel to ward the cruel blow-My poor love round thee scarf like, weak to hide, And powerles · to shield thee-but a bo) I wound it round thee, dearest, and a man I drew it close and kissed thee-mother, wife! For thee the pa. t and future days ; for thee The will to trample wrong and strike for slaves ! . Aye ; his country's orrow were the touchstones by which he gauged the mea ure of other's s 1Tows; the t x t from which h preached the o-ospel, There are no classe or races, but one human brotherhood ; There are 1 creed · to h outlawed, no color of ~kin debarred ; Iankincl are one in its rights and wron .·ne right, on hope, one guard. The black man writhing at the pyre lit by the hands of huma1:1; 80 NE ITH brutes, the red man robbed of the hunting grounds of his fathers, the white man crushed by law lords, landlords and arrogant wealth, all appealed to him and did not appeal . . m vam. He offered to the Negro this sensible advice-so sensible that others might adopt it with advantage: " If I were a colored man I should u e parties as I would a club-to break down prejudices against my people. I shouldn't talk about being true to any party, except so far as that party was true to me. Parties care nothing for you only to use you. You should use parties ; the highest party you have in this country is your own manhood. That is the thing in danger from all parties ; that is the thing that every colored American is bound in his duty to himself and his children to defend and protect.'' Again, he says : ' ' The Negro is a new man, a free man, a spiritual man, a hearty man : and he can be a great man if he will avoid modelling himself on the whites. " When the people of the United States were clamoring for swift and speedy extermination of the Indians, for the murder of General Canby, he wrote: ''We have too much and too old a sympathy with people badly governed, to join in this shameful cry for Modoc blood." It was the same feeling that moved him at the time of Louis Riel's execution, to write about ''the shadow of the gallows thrown across the Canadian border'', which called forth the protests of our Canadian press ; but we only saw the man, the culprit, the insurrectionist ; he saw the people badly governed-a fact at thi late date we may admit and cannot deny. It was fitting as \\ ell as natural that he should be the poet at the unveiling of the Crispus Attucks' monument. But it was a surprise when he, of all America was chosen to write the commemorative ode for the ter-centenary of the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers in ew England. The proudest moment of his public life most likely wa when, on the morning following its delivery he walked the gang plank of the steamer that was to bring him to Boston from the place of his summer residence, and the descendants of those same Pilgrim , topped the reading of their morning papers, and simultaneously rose, and spontaneously cheered him. We see his breadth, liberality and generosity in his vehement defence of the Protestant leaders in Ireland against the attack of Dr. Brownson, himself a convert to Catholicism Again we have his oft-quoted ''Rules of the Road: '' Steer straight as the winds will allow ; but be ready To veer just a point to let travellers pass: Each sees his own star-a stiff course is too steady When this one to meeting goes and that one to mass, Our stream's not so wide but two arches may span it-Good neighbor and citizen; these for a code, And this truth in sight,-every man on the planet Has just a · much right as yourself to the road. 81 NE ITH It i. not my purpose, or have I the spac , to enter into a critical estimate ofO'Reilly'spoetry. H ha~ been variously de ·criL cl as tl e Po t of Lib rty, Poet of the People and Poet of Humanit '. R. H. Stoddard, of the·' Song of th Southern S as,'' us s the word "genius," "intentionally and aclyis dly, with a full understanding of what it means, or ought to mean, to critical read rs." mund Clarence Steadman say : ''In youth it wa · charged with color, romance, picturesque effect ; in his middle life "ith thought and con' iction ; and always with eloqu n passion for human rights.'' Nature made him a poet : surroundings made him a rebel; Briti h law made him a conYict ; sufferin()" made him a whole-souled lover of humanity : and who r grets the evolntiou? For my part I voice the sentiments f his Puritan admirer: "I wish we could make all the world stand still and think and feel about this rare, great, exquisite-souled man until they should fully comprehend him.'' Let the tribute of James Whitcombe Riley be the conclusion : I like the thrill of such poems as these-All spirit and fervor ofsplendid factPulse and muscle and arteries Of living, heroic thought and act, Where every line is a vein of red nd rapturou blood, all unconfined, As it leaps from a heart that has joyed and bled, With the rights and wrongs of all mankind. A SCENE ON THE RESTIGOGCHE RIVER •riu·oui.:-h the l·ou1·tc~y of thP New Brn11swic·k Tonri,;t Asso i. tio11 Anitnal Plagues and Corntnerce BY JAMES H . FRINK, D. Y. S. JAMES H. FRI~K, D. V. S. From a photogTaph spcc-iall,,· prepared fol' NK!Tll hr P. B. Gl'een T HE relationship between man and animals, from the earliest times, has been a very intimate one. The beasts of the field provided a source of food and raiment, a motive power for the cultivation of land and threshing of corn, an unexcelled accessory in the pursuit of war, _in the hunting of wild animals, and accepted as a standard for the estimation of the wealth or poverty of the individual in the world's goods ; and, as a consequence, a usual means of trade and barter, particularly so in those lands, in the history of which, our teaching has led us to belie\·e, first came under the direction and goyernance of the Creator. Then, as to-day, flocks and herds were de\·astntecl by plagues and murrain, at that time accepted as a direct manifestation of Cod's displeasure, but 110\\', by lhe inYasion of a bacillus. Ne\'ertheless we are assnred of the fact that all countries and territories find, sooner or later, that the thief has entered 11oisclcssly during the night or cal111. not\\'ithstancling the most exacti11g legislative enactments designed to govern and control the health of man and animals, in all matters relating to contagious and infectious disease. Unfortunately, immediately to the South and West of us there has appeared a plague, eczema epizootica, or foot and mouth disease, which for many years has been a stranger to the North American continent, its previous visitation being quite circumscribed, a true cosmopolitan of a sociable nature ; strangely enough, it did not find the shores of New England a suitable clime in which to diffuse itself, in ~pite of the fact that sanitary science and police had scarcely been asserted. It has now arrayed against it a small army of modern sanitary scientists, governed by a. bureau or department, probably uuexcelled in its completeness, and behind it all, that most effective handmaid of science, money, and plenty of it, against ,ivhich nothing earthly prevails. NE ITH 83 Th animal plagu s with which c mmerc and public health are hie □ y concern d ar , riuderpe:t, conta~ious pl urn-pneumonia, ecz urn epizooti a or foot a11d mouth clis ase, tubercl in cattle, swine plagu and hog cholera, scab or it h in she p, glanders in the hors , rnbies in th do , and anthra_, or charbo11 common nnd generally fatal to all. and apable alik of trn11:missio11 t man by inoculation. Th yarious pam~ooti s, such as innuc11za and clis a.-. f a febrile, catarrh:11 natur , al houl">h imm nsely cl 'tt ucti \·e hm· uot as yet recciY cl sp ·ial atte11tion fr m legislati\· , 1ocli s, and are 11 t subj · t to official restriction. It is not th int nti n of the \\Titer to mak any lengthened remarks in r l::>o·ard o the hi tory of th plagues, means of diffusion, symptoms, or pathological conditions ; bnt it will be nece sary to r ·iew, yery briefly, the most p rtinent points in the history of some of them and ~·ith special reference to their exi teuce in Britain and America in order that the . ubject ma · be fairly brought before the reader. The most ,·irulent of cattle plagues appear t haye been conceived and reared in that nursery of . trange aud terrible di ~eas s, th Far East, following the beaten paths of com111nnicatio11 betwe n conntries common to man and animals, and broken only by th open sea. Insular countdes ,,, r thus protected ; but, in th absence of qnarantine, or th rn re \·1o·orous prohibition of auimab from infected countries, they in lik manner, became infected; and, once infected, they had ample time to reflect, consider, and pay the price. According to its size, perhap · no country in the world has been more rely scourged with animal plague than Great Britain. Rinderpest was introduced from Holland iu 1745, aud, again, in 1865, at Hull, from attle purchased iu the interior of Russia. The loss to British farmer. from this outbreak, estimated by Professor Gamgee, \\ as 233,629 head of cattle. Notwithstanding all this, it wa · again brought in b:~ cattle fr m Cronstadt, in 1872, arriving at Hull Deptford and Leith, trekking from Mongolia, Cochin China, Ceylon, Burmah, and Hiudostan, to Persia, and over the Russiau Steppes t Western Europe, to spend its full force and energy in the Briti.-h Islands, and only eradicated by the expenditure of vast amounts of money. Whilst rinderpest ·was decimating the herds of British farmers on one hand, contagious pleuro pneumonia, with intermittent outbreaks of foot and mouth disease, harassed them on the other. Perhap. no form of cattle plague is so difficult to deal with as contagious pleuro, if we are to judge by the length of time required by infected countrie · to banish it from its bord rs; the chief difficulty in dealing with it being the latent period of inubation ; from the inception of the er ative organism until its external manifestation beino-from three weeks t three month. . And not untH 1 '97 was Britaiu ffi ially declared NE ITH 84 free from contagious pleuro-pnenmonia, after killing and burning tens of thousands of cattle, and every animal that came in contact \\ ith them; compensation being made to the owners by the home government. This destructive plague had, in the meantime, been transported from the Old World to Australia and the United States, by cattle imported for the improvement of stock. The importation of cattle from Holland to Boston, Mass., about the middle of the last century. proved a most disastrous and expensive one. These animals were admitted for the improvement of the existing breeds, but were affected with contagious pleuropneumonia and distributed in Massachusetts and neighboring states. It was some time before the true state of affairs became known. When the facts were established, a crusade was organized for its extermination. The disease got beyond the control of the state authorities, and was then taken up by the federal authorities, backed by efficient legislation and an· open treasure-box. It was wound up by the same means adopted in Europe, i. e., by killing, burning, and compensating; and about 1892 it may be said that contagious pleuro ceased to exist in the United States. In 1879, the Dominion sent its chief veterinary officer to the United States, to investigate the condition of affairs ; and, as a result of his report, an order in council was passed prohibiting the entry of United States cattle into Canada, unless subjected to a quarantine of 90 days, which order remained in force up to lhe year r 897. The only appearauc of this plague in Cana la was at the cattle quarantine at Point LeYi., in cattle imported from Great Britain for the improYement of stock: and all the animals contained therein ,, ere killed and burned, tog ther with buildings, fences, equipment, and everything in connection with the place. In the year 1900, foot and mouth disease made its appearance in the Argentine Republic,-a country vd1ose cattle breeding facilities are p rhaps unsurpassed,-from the continuous supplies of food in the 1uxuriant pampas of South America. Its significance was lightly treate l at first, but, at a not far distant date, its ravages caused consternation. The immense trade in cattle with Britain was suspended and the hundreds of ocean going steamships engaged were deprived of a 1ucratiye trade and driven to every corner of the sea for freights. As an illustration of its fatality, it may be stated that in one of the Battle Line . teamships, carrying about 300 head, but six r main cl alive, when arriving at the lairs at Deptford. Cattle by the thousand die annually from the ravages of tuberculosis, yet it receives but pa· ive treatment, owing, no doubt, to it. slow and insidious march ; and the ab:ence of urgent symptoms seldom excites heroic treatm nt until the disease is well advanced. This holds good in regard to the disease in man and animals, and legislation, which has been approved, governing th matter is treated with indifference, aucl, 111 NE l TH 85 v ry many cotmtries, seems to be, '' more honor d in the breach than th obsen ance.'' The day is fast approaching when this plague will r ceive due attention, sentiment will be disp r ed, and the realiti · of xistence will be asserted. The abov statements will be sufficient to show to the ordinary reader, the important part which animal plague. assume in their relation to commerce and the general prosperity of a country, when even applied to cattle only ; and when it is consi lered that she p, swine, and hor es, are alike amenable to disease covered by drastic legislation in the different countries of the world, then the full significance of the matter is brought to bear upon any country. where it contains an infectious disease of animals, scheduled by foreign countries, even if it receives but scant attention at home. The transportation of animals by land and ea, even in a young country like Canada, has developed into a great bu iness. The movements of live stock, from the farm to the central market. , for our own flesh-food supply, and th transport thence to the seaboard, by thousands, of cattle, :sheep, horses, and swine products, for export; and this in connection v. ith interprovincial trade, hea, ily taxes the resources of our railway systems. The general outbreak of an animal plague practically suspends all this work, and even local outbreaks are not without significance. The majority of the ocean steamships in the St. Lawrence trade are cattle carriers, in the winter season finding their way up the Bay of Fundy to the termini of two great railways, thence borne to Liverpool, Glasgow, Manchester, and London, carrying last year about 100,000 head of cattle and a vast number of sheep and horses from Canada. The immense ocean liners, cattle carriers, from Boston, New York, Baltimore, and Portland, carrying last year 1iearly 400,000 head of cattle and over 200,000 head of sheep, and thousands of horses, will give some idea of the value and extent of the live stock export trade of the United states; and Great Britain, with the exception of a few thoussands, took all these exports. The general outbreak of an animal plague, such as is now confined to a few of the New England States, would be sufficient for the complete overthrow of this trade ; and the vastamount of money involved would, in a great measure, be jeopardized. .The fittings and fixtures and general arrangements of these ships, having to be thrown overboard, might not be such a serious affair, yet the disjointing of a business, which has assumed a permanent basis, would, of necessity, be a great loss; and back of all this, is the law which prohibits a ship from carrying cattle, after a manifesta,tion of disease on shipboard, for a period of six months. Thus, it will be seen, that a heavy band follows a teamship engaged in the traffic of cattle. In all embargoes and prohibition of imports of animals from infected countries, hides, wool, hair, hoofs, bones and parts of ani NE ITH 86 mals, are put nuder the. ban : and manufactories which depend upon the parts of animals for the snpply of raw material, ·would be crippled, if not closed. The public generally have a narrow view of the value of animal products-of ,1vool and its manufacture, the hundreds of useful and ornamental productions of leather, the transformation of bones and hoofs into commercial agricultural fertilizers, knife handles, combs, buttons, pipe stems, glue; and the fats, lard, glycerine, stearine, oleomargarine, butter,animal oil, and the thousand and one things which enter into general commerce. To-day, a great portion of our business, and our prosperity a a people or nation, is dependent on the same old ox, with some gradations in breed and type, which unmuzzled, trod the corn on the threshing floors of Israel s land. We are apt to forget the first principles of our physical existence, when they remain in a state of quiescence, but when they are aroused and disturbed, the whole fabric feels the shock. Had the plague now existing in ew England States found its way, through inefficient quarantine, to the immense western cattle belts, and southward to the luxuriant grazing lands of Texas, a disaster would have been imposed upon the nited States, which would have severely strained its resources. vast as they are. o adequate conception of the magnitude of the interests involved in the live stock industry of that country, or our own country, can be arri,·ecl at, 1111lcs:-. one is mor or lcs~ directly interested in its succe. sfnl prosecution. Turning now dire tly to Canada,-fortunately w haye 1ecn exempt from any serious animal plagues. if we except o casional outbreaks of hog-cholera iu vYestern Canada, tubercle in cattle, and an oc asional outbreak of authra.· or charbonon: fey r. The last mentioned is quite circnmscribecl and clu to local cau · s which fayvr the x1:tence of the bacillus, and rar ly indeed, if eyen crude ·anitary pr cautions are tak n, does it ext n 1beyond the flock or farms upon \Yhich it has made i11\'asion. It need not, then, xcite surprise that strenuous exertions are made by the federal executive bodies to jealously guard the stock raising and agricultural interests of this yast Dominion, containing millions of fertile acres which haye not as yet felt the pressure of the plough ·hare, and where the rustle of the reaper's knife is yet unheard. The ·e western cattle belt· ar quite as good as those lying to the south of the 49th parallel, and which, in a brief period of time, will amaze the world ·with th ir productiv ne ·s. This whole region \\'ill swarm with animal lif and its necessary concomitant, agricultural produce, the prime factor and exponent of a nation's wealth. True it is that some indh-iduals, not satisfied with the crnst of the planet, have delved below, with results more or less gratifying; and, in not a few instance , he that boasted N E ITH 87 of hi: Oocks and 1 erds, his hullo k.· , sh ep, and goats, ha:--been comp Heel tohov his head, ontshon ·. if not 1111do11 . \11imal plagu ·s !Lan:-re 'eivecl g-r ·at ntt "ntion from leg-islnti,·, h di s the world o,·er, and incicl · 1tally, fn m 1mtio11al and lo al co111111is:io1 , working fro111 .i c 111mo11 1 asc, to check a11cl de: tr / inf ·ct<:cl anima s ancl thos in contact vitlt he 11 · i. . . the pr scriptio11 of inkct'cl ar,a!-s, the adoption o mea. ure. t r stri t the mo,·ements of animals from "·ith in th state, and th· pr hibi i n of tho!-ie without it5 border:-;. L , · I enactm nts g-o,·erning-nrntkrs of this kind are ,. ry often the suhjc -t of 111u h contro\·ersy, from the fa t that so many mercantile interests ar at once invoh·ed. Th farm ~r and breeder, lrnYe inkrests qn lly paramount with the merchantman an 1 aud manufacturer, but, to-clay, the tiller of th soil and herd r of fl cks in many instance: are subs n rient to mercantile inflnenc , with its powerful train of legal a cessori s quick!; making short shrift of the horny hand d, in tht legi!-slative a. semblies. t" ith ·ta11cli11u· Canada has 1110.t eff cfr,:e legislation goy ruing animal plag-ues in the ' ~ nimals ntagio 1 Di:eas s ct,'' and haying the power, it behoo ·'Su.· to s e that it is well xercisecl. Many of u · k110, ·, and a like numb r do not, that Canada tancl. a. an infect d country, t r at Britain, as far as th trade in cattle i oncerne 1. e r'acl a great d-al in th1.: 11ewspa1Prs about a111hassa lors, 111i11i st rs, :111 l d I utations, conferring in regard to Canada's cattle trade, with the object f remoYing restrictions t the xport trade in cattle from anacla. o far the r snlt of their , rk h.ts h e11 frnitless, \\·ith no 1mm diat prospe t of su cess. As a n~'-ittlt of th manifestation of pleurop11et1111011ia in the Ea!-stern { nited \'tate~ in the: 111idclle of the la:-.t century, a-., mentio11ed in a preyious para~)-raph, an embargo was placed by Britain on cattle oming from the Tuited tates, · .· ept thos destined for imm liate slaught r ; and that embargo exi!->t.· to this clay. Canadian cattle wer fr e to com and go in the Briti!->h mark ts, for t,, o reasons : fir. t, that no evidence existed of nta!:ious cli:ease among Canadian hercb , and secondly, that an effecti,·e qnarantin of 90 days was maintaine 1 by Canada, against the admission of Cnitecl tates cattle intoitsterritor ·. ft ·the official proclamation was made, declaring the rnit d tates free from contagious pleuro-pn mnonia, there vvas considerable agitation to plac the Cnited tates on the . ame plane as anada, in recrard to the export of cattle to Britain. This re:-mlted m f ilure, yet, there, ·as much apparent restlessnes~. Inspector: at Li,·erpool, in r '92, cl lared that they had found a Canadian bullock aff ted \\·ith c 11tag10us pleuro. British anthoritic>s, equally eminent, differed radically as to th di · as 111 llll ·ti n, om declaring, most emphatically, that th condemnation of this animal, , s ne suffering-from contagions plcttro, wns not only unju. tifi<: l, but hsurd ; wliil oth rs NE ITH 88 gave an op1111011 contra. It finally dwindled down to a squabble among microsc;opists, as to the destrnction of certain air cells, the effusion of microscopic exudates into certain tissues, and the obliteration of minute ramifications of bronchial tubes, staining processes, and all snch scientific miscellany. Certain it is that Canada wa · shut out, and, by an order in council, a trade which was even then assuming large proportions, had to back up, shake itself, and look out for a new road. This order in council wa not rescinded, and, in a year or two, it was resolved into common law, and so remains: and can only be repealed by the Imperial Parliament by "horn it was framed and adopted. In the meantime, Canada lo ·t no time in bringing abundant proof that no such disease existed here. Reports from every reliable source were submitted, showing that no such disease exist&d within the borders of the Dominion. Nothing prevailed. Thus, Canada was put upon the same basis a.· the United States, as far as the export of live cattle was concerned. A large portion of the animals shipped from Canada consisted of what are known to the trade as 'stockers,'' animals 1000 pounds and under, utilized largely by Scotch farmers to feed surplus field crops, graze on pasture lands, and ultimately to find their way to Smithfield markets and elsewhere, possibly labelled '' Prime Scotch," translated from the Eastern Townships of Quebec, and the Concessions of Canada West. The trade hitherto carried op in "stockers " ya11ished. In the year 1897. lhe nited States and anada beino-free from serions animal plagu ·, representatives from th Domi11ion D partment of Agriculture and from the United States Btu au of Animal Industry met at Washington to talk over the trade in live tock with an endeavor to remove existing barriers. A a result, the ninety days quarantine was abolished. The tuberculin test was recognized as a sufficient guard, in the hands of reliable officer , against the admi ·. ion of tuberculous cattle. Animal: for immediat slaughter, grazing and f ding, wer admitted without te t ; and imm diately large numbers of feeding and grazing animal., ''stockers,'' found entrance to the United tates, al out ninety thousand being admitted in 1899 and 1900; and the trade which formerly sought the Clyde and Mersey, now finds its ,, ay aero. · the Great Lake., and has a sumed, today, very large proportions. Of course, there is a great deal of talk about the injustice of Britain in . hutting out Canadian Cattle. iewed from a standpoint of contagious disease, the claim of injustice is well founded ; and there is not the slightest doubt but the legislation, prohibiting the importation of Canadian cattle (except those for immediate slaughter), has a most tmstable basis. Yet, the law applies to all imports of live cattle, no matter whence they come. The law on this ni.atter gave a consid~rable impetus to British agriculturists and breeders, who found themselves unqh]e o stem th frle of competitio1l N E ITH 89 tisi11g from the daily arri\·al of thousands of animals from abroad. Although many f eders and grazier~ in Scotland are opposed to the law, their prot stations ayail little. ritai11 has now clecicl cl that no further m1imal plagues .-hall Yisit her shore.-. Thl' claim is continually made that the embargo is a sp cies of prote tion. It is out ide the rmio-e of thi.arti le to di ·cus.-that question ; and it may b dismissed by stating that it is not altog ther polite to prod our aged national parents, . houlcl they, behind closed doors, quaff a ingle draught of that fluid, which we 'Ot1sickr of such Yital importance 011 this ortb American continent. In Canada, no pains have been span:d to render our borders proof against the invasion of animal plagues, and, as these plagues do not, as far a:· we know, originate, sni generis, we may reasonably as. ume that, if the existing preventatiYe measure: are maintained in their entirety, they will remain without the gates. Their admi sion would imperil the inter_ests of us all. Farmers, merchantmen) ships, and railways, would feel the weight of a hand, of which we have read, and not yet seen, and which the vaiter hopes we neyer will see. BE. TI ~'UL BIRDS. Beautiful birds ::;o gay and free, Roamiug under th sunny sky, \i\ arbling your songs in highest gleeBeantiful hirds that soar . o high. SADIE WALKER. The Editor's Desk Mrs. Augusta Evans Wilson A MONG th recently pt blished r--\ books there is 11 ne mor ~ popular than "A Speckled Bird," by Mrs. Augusta ..,,;ans \,Vilson. It is m·er sixteen year' sin ~Irs. Wilson's last book ' ' t the ~ Iercy of Tiberius, ' was puhlish cl, mid durino-that time she ha · re iY cl very ma11y t mpting offers from th best publishing hous s i11 the rnitcd States to re-enter the literar. · fi kl, oue house e,·en sending a stenographer and typ writer f r her us : but she has pre err cl to liye quietly in her beautiful home in Mobile, Alabama, surrounded with her flowers and book . Mrs. Augusta EYans Y\'ilson wa born in 1835 of a wealthy aristocratic Southern family. h marrie l Colonel L. NI. 7il on. who \Ya· a : uccessful and promin nt man in Mobil . Colonel Wilson died some years ag and Mrs. Wilson's deyotion t his memory i \'ery tonching. Mrs. Wilson's bool-s sho v a mind that is extraordinarily gift cl, and their high moral tone and mre and ennobling thoughts haYe nothing hut good and elevating infl ueuces. If one should visit Mrs. :\7ilson in her lovely, old-fashion cl Southern r<..::,ideuce, onE: , ·ould :ee the front door opened by the typical antebellum Negro, dr ssen. ~istL-11 t ly ke·ps his shoulder to the Charlottetown, P. E. I. Evening C. \ TF,~TLY and lowly the b1~eeze .is sighing,tJ ~ 'ottly and slowl , the clay ts dymg. nd the stars m out at set of sun, .. ncl the flow rets clo. e when day is don . ~ ncl the birds fl y home to the parent nc t, Folding their wings for the time of r st. ncl the puny infant, his toys forgot, I-1i ,.., hushed a11d warm in his little cot. nd th ''" ary hind se ks his cottage door, ReJoiced that his daily task is o'er. nd th :un sinks slowly in the \,Vest, Leavino,.., the world to its well-1011 rest. ~ Dear Lord, when the shades of vening om 'o nll us, each to his long, long home. i\la\' ,,. , like the hildren, long w ary of play , Rc~t sw et in thy lo\·e at th clos of the day, May "e, like the laborer, at set of sun, Lo ·k pr ndly bu k on our work well don Like the bird. , turn back to our parent n st, ;Iaclly to enter a well-won rest. S, •t::etl) rncl lmYly th bre.eze i:" sighin;:,, '1.e,o,,,, ...~ 'c 1'T. ' >ill) a11 ocl, sometimes very 1_.>oor, th st ries portraying and attempting to analyze society are poured upon the mnrket in floods; and it must be said t1 1at the majority of them are by 110 means additions to real fiction. The better sort, how v r, merit mnch commendatiou, and sho\\" that the writer who goes about his worl· seriously and w 11-quipp cl is in a fair way to produc a reall · pl asanl and thoughtful tale. No la11d contains such dh·erse phase: of life and character as doe: the nit 1 'tate.'. The Chine:e and the ... orwegian, th Assyrian and the Russian mingl in all relations and capacitie ·11 that great cosmopolitan country. And from th gold fields of the north to the climes of brighter 'Lmshine, and from the Pacific to the Atlantic, th uniqueness and variety of societ · are a rich harvest from which th yo11110 authors glean many sheaves. These stories are generally problematical ; that is, they mostly deal with some phase of life in a a ·ticular section. The cowboy, the pion er, the prospector, the miner, th trapper, the politician,the artist, the clubman, the heiress, come in for their share of consideration. They are, most of them, pleasing to react hat th o vb y 1s somdirnc: < philosoplt "r, an l the 1 1iuer a 'h ' tcrfi ·Ill in disgui. e, is little en twh to hri11° agai11:t them. Th · lie roe" ar,. dra \'ll for y ung-girl:,.._ 11Cl) 01111 glatlies arc yer · orthodo · in b ,jr lil·e!-. an l li:lik s. And if th rcacl ·rs are a littl · 1 wild red at the 111reali tics , the lif di:--t1%ed, the) hm· , al least. spent < cheerfl!I hour r t\\" . \\'ith litt1 harm ...1 n hem. F r to :-;ome ext 0 11t th effe ti:-; h, rllll ss, i11 that it matt r.-little wh 'ther we belie, e · 11ot that the w-pun --her is a 1\L. r u:-; Au reli u~. \T h t w e11ou;,?:li of his e."istcnce to guard ao-< 111.·t all) gross blun l r:-: \\' ' ma> meet ; a11 I t1 es111,1l o 1es carr_· lilth.:\\eigbt i11 the issu . HI 'T IC L tales c me t1 po11 u. in 1n1 m he ·s , ·hi h lai m :tr ng rh·alrJ , ·ith the social n yel. E ·er· period f m rican hist ry and th le, ding e\' nt.-f Europe ar made to contribt te their shar of plot an l p int. Around the duel f Aaron Burr and Al .·au ler Hamilton, an iug ni us au lI r, with p rhap more imaginati n than knowledge f the cas , wo,·e a length · ·tory. 'l'hot gh all are not so small a · this. Tl e rn:acle:, the arlist M vement in pain. the ~ren h Revolution, the t. Bartholome\\' Massacr , he English R v lntio11, besides many thers of lt:ss import, NE l ome i11 as gr 1111 d \\" rk: for the hi ·toric narrati\'es. 11Cl y go further back than this: harlemagne, .Aucient R me, and he great archaic kingdoms of Persia, , h:) lonia, and Egy pt, ha ·e been made to hand o ·er their quota of curio-,ity. ... Tot that the dat, nre in any way accu rate or r •ally plausible ; hnt the :--.ilenl ag s ca mot dispute, and the \" r:ntileanth rsre,:el in the fact. T he :-. ory of history 1 eecls little corrl'ctness f detail to recommend it to popular read r:--.. Th casual 111c11li n f some wdl-knmn 1 chara ter, and the broad nse of some import, nt period, ar all that are uec •:-,;s:.u y i11 order to catch the pub]ic perusal. A n Y ,1 of such prop rti ns usually mi.· s Yith a ,·ery spar:e amount of foe , a snperabtmdance of impo:sibilit: and non · use ; and the 1111 ophi t icat c1 r ad r i -sure to obtain from it som of th · "·ilclcst notions aml 1110. t ·tar liug conclusio11s imaginable. Cromwell is a character, th _. use of whom will clin h the poin . .1. ·er was ther a per-.; nag pres ·nt ·cl in ~·o many liffer ~ut a-;p ' Cts, cliametri all~· 01 posed and inconsisl 11t. If the great Puri an 1 acler is aware of th · manner in which hi.· 11am is being handl d, it 111u. t make his sacred shade tre11hie for,. r · f->ar of futnr memory. MA../ PEiIBER;r generally .I. T 1JI l n it s a ,·cry rcaclable romance. _]th ugh hi: uoyels di·play little depth of purpos or thought, they are \\·ritt-'11 in good licti 11, and form a ....ource )f health> nmtbcment for :1 H 93 large ir 1 , of aclmirin readers. ''Th Gold V. olf," while it cannot be unted among the best of hi ,vorh~, is a highly entertaininn st ry, lealing ,vith the st ·ang m ntal aberration of an -< nglish capitalist, and the confusion which aro:e from it. It must 1 e aclmitt cl that r. P mberton's characters are by no m an· real, nor is th life he presents to us any more so. T his is p rhaps due to his pe uliar ·tyle, which, though it has a certai11 undeniable charm, produces an air f unr ality which the reader ne ·er lo: s : ig-ht of. Some portions of 'The Gold \V If' ' are extremely henntifol ; and over c rtain parts of it th author has cast a glamor of twilight-romance, a soft-toned ro:eate hue which is a distinctive feature of Ir. Pernberton's enjoyable 1.J oks. On th whole. it is a story ". rth readi110 ; and thos who relish graceful imagery, pretty fancy, a g-ood plot, and pleasing characters, will find in " Th Gold \Volf'' a charn1ini and fascinatino-tale. .A .d:011 G-rec nt contribution: to tt fiction, Mr. Eden Phillpotts' '' The Riv r '' easily takes a 1 ading position. In this novel, Ir. Phillpotts is at his b st, and has shown him. lf to be one of the few writers f to-clay who produce literature. " T heRiver,' ' like most things, is not without its drawbacks ; but, ,, ith all of them, it deserves to I e classed among the he:t productions of the tim s. " he Pit," h , th late Frank ~orris, al h 1 h it caunot laim such 94 NE ITH distinction as must unqnestionably be accorded " The RiYer," is, nev rtheless, a story of 110 small w rth. '· The Pit '' is the second of the contemplated trilogy, '' The Epic of the Wheat,'' which the author looked fonvard to completing, ju. t before his death. The subject, a fr. orris concei, eel it, certainly contained little matter for a monumental achievement. But it demonstrates that notwithstanding the inadequatenes · of the idea, the author was in a fair way to become a noyelist of the fore rank. r. Barrie's nam is a hall-mark of excellence in the ·way of fiction, and the '' Little White Bird'' does but emphasiz the ability of its author. Mr. Barrie must certainly be classed as one of our best ·tof) tellers. '' In the Gates of Israel '' takes ns into the Ghetto. The stories are well told, and show that Herman Bernstein knows his p ople, and knows them well. Little praise can be given "The Lord Protector." S. Levett-Yeates has done nothing original. His tale is of the old school, with the stock phrase , stock episodes, and stock climaxes used for all they are worth. However, it is by no means a tame or tiresome book ' and some enjoyment can be got from its perusal. J ''Tolstoi as Man and Artist'' we have the keen, scholarly judgment of a Russian critic and admirer. Dimitri Merejkowski's volume is the first of its kind on the great novelist, written by one of his countrymen. A noticeable feature of it is that th author do ~s 11 t take the religions expr ssions of Tolsloi at their face Yalue. Ile finds beneath the surfa e, all the ch·1ra teristics of a heautiful paganism ; aml, with 111 uch reason allCl ingenuity, ne shows Lhnl T 1st i was ne\'er able to full~· dr,t \\' himself from it, and , at be:t, Ill rt:!: utt ·red it i11 Christian symbob. \.s au auc lysis and riticis111, the work has gr at merit, and display:-. acute insig·ht, sound juclgm ·ut, a11cl much sym pathy. BISJ OP POTTER in his 11e\\' hook ·Th Citizen in His R ·latio11 to th Industrial Situation.'' composed of six lectures, sums up the omliti 1l of labor as h Yi ws it, and discusses th citizen as workman, ca1 italist and consumer. It is by no m ans difficult to arri\' at a fore~,..one co11clu ion as to the atlitucl a:. um cl by Bishop Potter. His eccl siastical position, and association with the privileged cla : :, point him to the fact that in the qnc:-;tion at issu th laborer has the bett r aro-um 11t1 and that the capitali. ls mu:t modif) their procedure, r, from th \·ery order of things, lost.: in the ontrO\·er:y. JT i unnecessary t ffcr praise to anything from the p 11 of William Dean Howells. It is en ugh to say that '' Literatur and Life.·' a collection of essays, is in his best and most readable styl -: ancl, a1b it, they :elclom diY into th cl ep r asµects of things, they ar a h 011 , a ,,vork NE ITH of literature in the better sens To the serious reader, the vol11111e 11111 ·t appeal as a force to spend a f ,. hours in sound intell ctual recr ation. It i:; e,·erythi11g; lse but ti resom , am] i: s nti nt \\·ithout being in the least ol tuse or mazy. M .-\TILDE,'ER , of whom little I JI\ is know11 in ~ merica, is said by som , to be a strono-rival of Zola, whose books her novels somewhat resemble. h i the daughter of a Greek princess, and \\·if of E luarclo ,. carfogilo, proprietor of the 1Iatti110 de Napoli, of T aple.·-of '"hich 1\Ime. ,_'erao is ditor. Hl'.r 11oyels are highly realistic and po\\"erfnl. Among her important productions are' 'Th Hand of Cockyane,'' ' 'The Conqu st of Rome,'' and ''The Ballet Dancer, ' ' \\'hich Inst she con ·iders her best. H r 11 \\. book ''Sister Joan of the Cross,·' shortly to be publi ·heel in the l1nit 1States, deals with a mm \\·ho is turned from a convent into the streets of Taples. It is said to be of a high dramatic character, and of much inter st from a 'Ocial standpoint. By th death of M. d BlO\\'itz, an important figure is removed from the political and journa1istic \.vorl· Hearing; completion. And, th us. it ,rill not b ,·ery long before \\·e \\·ill be i11 the best of running order. 1.,')E specially request our readers W to make a thorough examination of onr acln:rtisi11g s ction: It is our aim to rnak this section as useful and inter .-ting as any part of ~-EITH. All our ach·ertis ments are rst-class. THE follo\\' ing-arc a fe\\· of tlte g;ood things :->aid of NEITH by the prc:s : X E T1'1I is n tl1oughtful, dignified pul licatio11. treatin°· seriously and ,,·hli c\·idc11t ~i11 erit>· and abllity all topics that are cliscus~e