n, ff Vol. I. FEBRUARY, 1903. No. 1. Issued monthly: $1.00 a year: 10c. a single copy. ST. JOHN, N. B., CANADA. n rg A Food ~~ 6c. Each NEITH It ll I l I I l 111.,1 I 11 I I I 11 t t I I I I I I I I l t It t t I I tttl t I I I ,t t I It t 11 I It I I It I 111 l I I I I I I I I I I I It I I I I I I I I I I I I I It t 11 t t I I I 11 I I I It I CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1903. ••1•1••·••1••···.............. ·································································•t11111 .,.,,,,........,. Cover designed by A. J. Charlton. W. P. Dole, B. A., LL. D. FrontispiecePrefatory Remarks I The Late Coal Strike ~ I Hayti and its Enemies . 2 The Archbishop of Canterbury 3 Emile Zola . 4 Lost Israel Found . . 5 The Art Exhibition in St. John. s Negropbobes Sboulci be Kept out of Africa 6 Treat Boer and Black Alike . 6 Eng-land and Her Negro Subjects 6 None but White Republicans are Wanted in the South 7 A Most Rabid Negrophobe . . . . . 7 President Roosevelt on the Appointment of Negroes to Office 8 Industrial Schools for British Negroes 8 An Imperial Zollverein . . 12 Let the Natives of South Africa Have Justice and Education ,3 Tillmanism. or Mob Rule in the South 16 The Negro Problem, and How to --olve it. o. 1. ?art r 22 The l\1useum Shell . 26 By Charles ampbell The Negro in ew Brunswick . . . . 27 Bv the Rev. W. . Raymond, M. A., LL. D. The Canadian Outlook . "5 By the Rev. Robert '\Vilson, Ph. D. The Progress of Canada . 9 By the Hon. H. A. McKeown, B. ., LL. B., K. C., l\I. P. P. Pleasures of the Imagination ..i-6 By Geo. G. Walker. Fidei Responsa . SI By W. P. ole, B. A., LL D. Literary otes . 53 Editorial Announcements 59 • t I I I 11 I 11 I I I 11 I. I It I Ii I I I I I I I I I I 111 I 11 I I 11 1 I I I .....~ •1 I I I I I I I I I I ... I I It I It O I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I It I I I I I I It l I I I I 1 1 Issued monthly : roe. a single copy : c.oo a year. N. B.-Tbe c.c.o a year applies only to subscri ers who reside in Canada or in the United States. In all other Countries the subscription price is 1. -o a vear. Advertising rates on application. All money should be sent by Express. or Post O ce Order. or Registered Letter, addressed to A. B. Walker, Editor of NEITH, St. John, . B., Canada. Printed by Paterson & Co., 107 Gertnain Street, St. John, N. B., Canada. NEITH: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, Philosophy, Jurisprudence, Criticism, .History, Reform, Economics. Issued monthly: 10c. a copy: $1.00 a year. The $r.oo a year applies only to subscribers who reside in Canada or in the United States. In all other countries the subscription is $r. 50 a year. Advertising rates on application. A. B. Walker, B. A., LL. B., Barrister-at-Law, Editor, St. John, . B., Canada. The following are among the contributors for 1903 : The Rev. W. 0. Raymond, M.A., LL. D.; the Rev. Fr. W. C. Gaynor; the Rev. Robert Wilson, Ph. D.; the Hon. H. A . .l\IcKeown, B. A., LL. B., K. C., M P. P.; W. P. Dole, B. A., LL. D.; Charles Campbell; A. A. Stockton, D. C. L., LL.D., Ph. D., K C.; George G. Walker; Professor Allen 0. Earle, D. C. L., K. C., Dean of the Law School of King's College; Silas Alward, M. A., D. C. L., K. C.; George V. Mclnerney, lVI. A., LL. B., K. C.; Henry \V. Robertson. LL. B.; John L. Carleton, K. C._; the Rev. G. 0. Gates, M. A., D. D.; the Hon. C. N. Skinner, D. C L., K. C., Recorder of the City of St. John; John C. Miles, A. R. C. A; Eben Perkins, M. E., Manager of the Maritime Nail Company and Portland Rolling Mills, St. John, N. B.; the Rev. W. L. Beers, B. A.; F. Herbert C. Miles; S. D. Scott, M. A., Editor of the St. John Daily Sun, St. John, N. B.; the Hon. John V. Ellis, LL. D., Canadian Senator, and Editor of the St. John Globe, St. John, N. B.; H. L. Spencer, of The Gazette, St. John, N. B.; J. H. Frink, D. V. S.; Professor H. S. Bridges, M. A., Ph. D., City Superintendent and Principal of the High School, ::,t. John, N. B.; C. J. Milligan, M. A., Manager of the St. John Daily Telegraph, St. John, N. B.; the Rev. · C. Thaddeus Phillips; the Rev. T. F. Fotheringham, M. A., D. D.; A. E. Macintyre, Ph. D., of the St. John Daily Telegraph, St. John, N. B.; the Rev. D. J. Fraser, B. D, LL. D.; the Rev. John de Soyres M. A., LL. D.· R. A. Payne, of the S~. John Daily Sun, St. John, N. B., the Hon. R. J. Ritchie, K. C.; the Hon. George E. Foster, M. A., D. C. L., LL. D., Ex-Minister of Finance of Canada; the Hon. vVilliam Pugsley, M. A., D. C. L., K. C., M. P. P., Attorney-General of New Brunswick; the Hon. Henry R. Emmerso!1, LL. D., K. C., M. P.; W. Frank Hatheway; Geo. U. Hay, Ph. B., D. Sc., Editor of the Educational Review, St. John, . B.; the Most Reverend Henry M. Turner, D.D., D. C. L, LL. D. Senior Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and Editor of The Voice of the People, Atlanta, Georgia; Henry A. Powell, M. A., K. C.; Michael McDade; the Hon. J. vV. Longley, LL. D., K. C., M. P. P., Attorney-General of Nova Scotia; the Rev. Joshua H. Jones, M.A., D. D , President of Wilberforce University ; the Right Reverend Charles Spencer Smith, D. D., Associate Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church; the Hon. Hugh John Macdonald, B. A., K. C.; J. E. B. McCready, Editor of The Guardian, Charlottetown, P. E. I.; Geo. G. Melvin, L D.; the Rev. John C. Coleman; T. Bolden Steward, B. Sc., B. A.; and His Royal Highness Prince Etho, Ph. D., D. C. L. I a,.1~~-•M!...tl~!~.tl~A.tl~~!~~!t..A ~ ~ ' J ~ &@ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ • Permanent t J ~ Employment t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ...~ NEITH will give permanent employment to ~ I~~ a number of bright, trusty, energetic agents, ,~~ ~ male and female, in Canada, in Great Britain ~ " ~ #] and Ireland, in the United States, in Africa, t • and in the West lndks, to take subscrirtions, t ,I and orders for advertisements. ~ .@ ~ ~ A I ·1 earn frJm ~ /I c ever person can eas1 y ~ ~ ~ •• $30.00 to $50.00 a week. clear of a11 expens s. l• , ~ ~ ~ Write for particulars. ~ ~ ~~ Address: ~ ~ ~ "il A. B. WALKER, ),~ ~ ~ Ill!;@ Editor of NEITH , ,::!II' ~ ~ ~ St J h N B '&. B@ , 0 n, • • I Si ~ ~~1 C anada. ~ 1 ~ &@ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ •••~~~•1f'~1f'~1f'~1f''af''>af'~1~•1f'~1~ W. P. DOLE, H. A.. LT.,. D. From a photograph ~pceially prepared for XE1r11 h) P. lI. Ure 11. N EITH A MAGAZINE OF LITERATURE_. SCIENCE. ART, PHILOSOPHY. JURIS PRUDENCE. CRITICISM. HI TORY, REFORM, ECONOMICS. \ . ll. \\'.\ l.lsl'It, -----l· lll'l'ol: . \'or,. 1. In entering the ruaga,dne world w th E t'l'H, we have but to say that we will o our uttermost Prefatory that we will not spare Remarks any labor or £fort-to give to the public a high class monthly, or the best monthly for a dollar a year, or ten cents a copy, in the world. ur chief object is to set peopl thinking, to extirpate erroneous i eas, to advance the spirit of freedom, to stir up a feeling of brothership among all men, and to sprea Christian civi!iza • tion throughout Africa. ~f' know 110 ·J·eccl, lrnL r<'li.~ ion; '\\• k no v no 1·act:•, l>11 t mankin rl . While ~he miners lost, by being idle so long, a good deal more than they hoped to gain immediateThe Late ly by the late coal strike, Coal Strike yet, in principle and ex ample, they signally won their point. That is, they showed most conclusively that organized labor, under the direction or guidance of a wise leader, is one of the greatest powers to-day in civilized society. Or, in other words, they proved beyond cavil or rational controversy that an intelligent, resolute organization of working men is in very particular equal to capital, and can affect the order and trend and basis of civilized society just as readily as capital. It is very plain that if 1 ,o,o o min r{'l conl1·ig-ltl and g·ladIn fine, M. Zola was a prophet; and in St John 1lcni11g c l11•p1• to 111P whil he a:s one f Franc 's bravest la.((' :UHi i11:-;pi1•af ioJl or and noblest sons. he belong d to man:ill lo,·e1·s of c 1·igin:il p.1 i11I iiiµ;. 1l'li1• 11 i1·kind, to the human rac , because he 1u1•1•s a1·1· nil fi nc•, all µ:uod, n11d so1111• of taught the broadest and deepest and t lit•111 ;JJ'l' 110L1hl~ a 111 l d,•1·i is 110! :1 11 indill'1•1•p1d ,n· t·o11 1111n11 peo le are the irect pif-11 11·<• i 11 l ht-lot. .\111l ,,,, i.;d,P it 11p01 , Lost Israel descendants, by an n111•,.;1•l\l'S, fr-Pli 11µ; })l'J•fp,•1 1. j11stili1•fini11/.!,' :u1rl 11 101·1· 1•111111hli 11:!' that it will hurt anybody. If we reason t o 111(' so11I :111cl 1·ha1·,wh•r tlt:111 Ilic•. 111d: a moment from the view-point of ethand (• J•it i ·isn1 nr t 111· p 1·otltlC'fS nl' t hP h1• 11 -dl. nologv, and this is the only view-point fro which to investigate all such mat NE I 7 H 11'1 P ti1•s l pl:i11k i11 lltt" t1la1 fn1"1i'1 nf E11g·l:111ll s fric•:111 polic·y slt1111]d Ii" 11) pl'l':--t•l'\'C \ ;is f:11· as possihl1•, ht>t' N egrophobts ~\ l'l'i1•a11 (l'l'l'i lOI',\" 1'111• i h.-Pµ:1•p1•s and a 1·l:1ss hould be Kt pt nl' \\ Ii ik pt•11plt• \\'Ito :tl'P Out of Africa 11i:111if«'.'-1 I,, a11tl p1·111'c•<;svd ly fril•JH ll~· lo th<' XPg-1·111•s. and willi11g lo li,•p \\'ith 111<•111, :1111l ;tssrn·i:dl' \\i11L f lte111, :rntl !J'l':t I lit•111 Ii kc• 1111•11 :111d I11·01 l11 1 1·s a llll n<•ip;hlirn·"'· l11dt•t•d. lli·ilislt .H1·i1•a rn1µ,·h1 to 111 • n1:11Jt. :1 l:111d wl11•1·1· t ht• ~t•g-1·0 111:1~· <'XIH'1·t 1111•1•1·ps :,;l1011ld se•c•k .-.OllH' 11(li1•1· 1·01111L1·~·. 111 11(111•1• \\01·1b, tile ll1·ilislt ~·t'µ:1•11 sho11ld have•, i11 lli1• lll'l1:ule:-;ts<'J1:-;c•, 1 ltl' g-ood-wi 11, t hf' fra I<'l'lti I,,·, ,!Ill I t J1p l11•l jJ 111' tl11· U1·it ish wit i l es I lm111glro11 i I hi' E111pir<' i11 all liis l'lllll':I\ 01·s to opr•11 11p ll1·i1 j-.;]i A l' 1·i1::1 Io t hv icl.-as a1ul 1111•U1ocls al' 111(){[1•1·11 i1ul11s!J•)·, f'Olllllll'I'('(', r1·e•1•dn111. aml k1111\\'l1·1l~f' .\rnl to I his e11d tlrP J:1·i1 ish i\'1•µ,-1·0 sho11lll lit> 1·11C·l1111•;1!,!,"l'd to dc•,·1111• :ill Iii:,; t•11 1·1·g·?, tal1·11t, u11d l'dtwatio1t. '1111<' lrnp1·1·ial <,n,·1• ·11111P1it ·s ~wh1•111<• nl' s1· w li11g-a 1•p1•t:1ill <:lass ol' 11111•1· f:11·1111•1·s 1'1·1H11 So11llr ,\1'1·i1·a lo T reat Boer and ( ·:111:11l:1 IO !oil 11dy 1hi' Black Alike ( 'ii 11; Idi11 I I S )'·"I l' 111 0 I' l':11·111i11g·, I hilt I lie•\· 111:1,· . . . 1·ct u r11 :111d ]pe·t 111·<• 1o I lic•ir· 1·1111•pat 1·i11t:-; 11 tH111 t lw i11ln1·1u:i I i1111 11111:,; 1·1•1·1·i ,·1•d. is :i 11 P:X1·Pllt>11i 1111P, niH• l 11:it 1•a11111d 1)11 11111 hiµ.hJy ('OlllllH'IHll'cl. ll11t 111<' l'X[H•1·i111<•11t sli111tld 1101 stop " ·it Ii l i11 1 Brn 1 1·1,, 11 ,">hould :rli,;o PXtP1Hl to the XP!,!,l'O 11:11irr•s. Tll:11 is, · number of yo1111~ K:illil·s aml Z1d11s a11d Hnsutus, a11d of' nlhl'I' i11t1•1·rsli11µ: it·ih,~s, 8 lw11l 1 111• sc•l1•1'i1•1·1 l'rn1t1 ti111e t,, 1i11H', :111tl g·in•n a thoro11gh 1•p111•s1• in 111, .\µ;1·i1·11lt tmil l.,11ll1•/.!:<', of I :111·lph, l 1111 nrin, 01· ill tl11• Xn1·111al :111cl l11d11--t1·ial l11slil11IL ol''l'usk1•g·t'<', Alal1:1111:1 . •\11d, ,11•cn1·di11~d~. t h1• s«·i<'tH'f' ol' a .:.:;1·i1·1ilt111·t• 01• l':1r111i11g 111 all ii s llll>:,;l p1·:wt ic·a I .111d 11:,;pl 111 r«11·111s, t•111il •l 1>1• :-;pl'l·:ul hy d1•µ.1·Pl'S :1111n11g· I hi• hl:1<];::,; 11_\" 111«'11111' illl'il' nW11 ki11cl1·l•tl. C>t· \1•g1•ops who :11·1• :dt·Pady q11:ililiPd t'nt· 1111· \\Ul'k, 1·1>1ild IH• 1•11µ;:1µ:1•d hi µ;n i1111111•di:d1•l.v tn t1J1• spot, :ind 111·u;a11i:t.<' s1·hoob, :iml lu•µ;i11 a 1·t•g1tln1· p1·111·1•ss of i1Jst1·11dio11. ~lll':1ki11g di1•p1•1 ly nf , 'out Ii .\frit•a, 1•1itlot1, tul,a1·1·0, :-rnµ;:ir, µ.-1 ·:ipc:-.. l'111·11. 1·ul1'1•1·, 1·:11tlc•, sl11•e·p, :1111I s\\'illl' c•:111 111• 1·:iis<•d 1111•1·1• in µ,·1·1•:tl cp1n11ti l i1•s :11111 :it gnod p1•11lit:-; Ii,,· Iii<' c1pplic·ati1111 or ll)J-lo-d:ill' :-;kill :111d i11\'r 1111in11s. It ii-; :ill riµ:lit. it:, is a li11c• thinµ;. lu g·in• t 111• 1;111•1•:,; :111 i11:-;ig·lrl i11t 11 \\ It.ii is g-oi11~ 011 i 11 p1·1lg-1·«•---.i\'I' 1·11111111·i :-;, 111•,·1•dlH"l1•:-.s, ii' 1111• i'\1•~1·rn•s :11•1• I l':ti111•d (11 ~'l'l I lr1• l1t•sl 1·p:-;11lts 111· l'l'I 111·11-.. frn111 t hP :-.nil, I lie•~· \\ ill 111:1kt• tlw gTP:1tt•st f:wlrn·s in ti,' :ulYa111·1•111<•11 nf s1·ic-11l ili1· l':11·111in~ th:1 I 1·:rn l>l' oht:littl'd 01· 1'1111111I ;1111011µ: atty ot fip1· 1•:1t·e• ()J' l'l'!l(ll(•. i\!.!,'ai11, i'ht-.,.·1--~l'Ol'S !II' Bt·itisl1 ~011lh ,\1'1·i1·:i :11·<· a-.. 1111wlr <·Ill it l1•d tn j Ire ki11dl)· l'Ot1sidt•1•af i!lll or nl'i tish :,;( :1t1•s111 'll as f hl' lln<' 1·~. o nation today on the face ol the earth is in anything near so good a position, or so well situated, or England and so well placed, to take Her Negro its Negro citizens into Sub ·ects its confidence, and share with them all the honors, trusts, burdens, and responsibilities of state and statecraft I and, also, award to them a full and true measure of justice and right, as 1,:ngland, the . head of the great British Empire and the soul and hope of Christian civilization. And, on the other hand, or from a point of view quite as tenable, no other nation to-day stands in greater need of the good-will NE IT 7 and g ad-feeling, the abounding loyalty and patriotism, of its Negro citizens than th~ self-same England, the selfsame hegemony of mankind. Yes, England has everything to gain and nothing to lose by dividing all the honors, trusts, burdens, and responsibilities of state and statecraft, share and share alike, with all her faithful and intelligent citizens regardless of race or color. In fact, it will be to her everlasting advantage to obliterate or wipe out all race lines and color lines. She ought to givt the Negro the same greeting, the same attention, the same encouragement, that she gives the Caucasian. That is, she ought to throw open every door, and every gateway, and every avenue, of fame, fortune, and distinction, wherever she rules, to the Negro on equal terms with the European. With regard to the.Negro's ability to drink in all the pun:st forms of knowledge or learning there is no longer any doubt among great scholars and think rs : he has demonstrated his capacity over and over again to app~eclate every refinement, and nicety, and obligation of citizenship just as keenly as the white man. In a nutshell, the Negro is fit to be a highly cultivated, educated, valiant wan. And, therefore, England should make it a part of her regular policy to specially assist him in all his efforts to better his condition . The white Republicans of the Southern States have read the Negroes entirely out of their ranks. N one but White A short time ago the Republicans chairman of the Re- are Wanted publican State con- in the South vention of South Carolina congratulated the members upon the tact that the Negroes had been completely eliminated from Southern politics. He character ized the Negroes as having been "a dead weight around the neck of the Republican party.,. The Alabama Republicans drew the color line at their last meeting, refusing to give the Negroes any status or any hearing. And, recently, in Texas, the white Republicans shut the 1 egroes out of everything. In truth, a l over the South.the white Republicans have made a common cause vrith the white Democrats that the Negroes must be driven from the South or summarily crushed. This is both base and toul ingratitude, for the _~egroes have been loyal to the utmost degree to the white Republicans. It is to be hoped that the leaders of the Negroes will see the drift of this wholesale persecution in the correct light. The spirit of negrophobia in the South is really something shocking. It is even gnawing tbe A Most Rabid vitals out of the Negrophobe Southern pulpit. Not long ago, the Rev. Thomas Dixon, Jr., a popular Virginian preacher, and the author of •· The Leopard's Spots," ·said to a newspaper interviewer in Baltimore : ''.i\Iy deliberate opinion of the modern Negro in this country is that be is not worth hell room. If I were the devil I would not let him in hell." This is bitter enough. A man must be as mad as a tiger, and endowed with the temper of a tiger, to let such utterances e cape his lips. l\Ir. Dixon urges that the egroes should be kept in blind ignorance. He looks upon Mr. Booker T. \Vasbington, the famous Neg-10 educator, as a mischief maker ; and be told the reporter that there were several counties in Alabama, Mr. \Vashington's State, "where a Negro cannot set his N ~IT H foot,'' the i eling of pr judke being so intense. l\lr. Dixon should not be so violent in bis den·un iation of the egroes, it might just be possible that he himself has a drop or ·o of their sa ag bl od in bis veins. H is published pictures look that way. It often happens tha people of the same kith and kin are the cruelest of enemies to one another Cain lew his brother. In answ r to a ritten protest of a number of bot-headed white people of Charleston, South President Roosevelt Carolina, ag. inst the on the Appoint- appointment of Dr. ment of Negroes Crum, a Negro physi to Office cian, as Collector of the Port, President oos velt akes the following state ment as to his attitude, an the principle that h will adopt, in dealing with all such que lions ; he says . "Nor h an South alike, it has be n my sedulous endeavor to appoint only men of high haracter, and good capacity, whether white or blac . But it has been my consistent policy in every state where their numbers warrant it, to recognize colored men of good repute and stan ing in making appointments to office. " I du not intend to appoint any unfit man to office. So far as I Jegitimately can, I shall always endeavor to pay regard to the wishes and feelings of the people of each locality, but I cannot cons nt t take tbe position that the door of hope the door of opportunity-is to be shut upon a man, no matter how worthy, purely upon tbe grounds of race or color. Such an attitude would, according to my con 1ctions, be fundamentally wrong." This · the decision of a brave I honorable, learned man,the very decision ne woulhould be resolut ly and studiously defended against all the rest of the world. There is no need of the British ,mpire, under a well adjusted zollverein, buying a single ounce of bread stuff from the outside world. ay more, we have within our own lands, if we study them, and develop them, and use them, sufficient resources to make our people of every class, kindred,race, and hue, contented, rich, and self reliant. Canaaa atone, with a fair amount ofoutlay and energy, can furnish wheat enough, and beef enough, antl che se enough, to feed a population of 400,000,000. Truly, interdependence between England and all her colonial possessions, in trade, and commerce, and freedom, behind a carefully constructed zollverein, is the only regime now that will preserve and foster our national ascendency and integrity. Let the Natives of South Africa Have Justice and Education Now and then we hear reports from the Negro-haters and alarmists that the Negroes of South Africa are likely, some day, to set up the cry of "Africa for the Negroes. '' If this be so it is quite natural, it is simply carrying out tl!eold saying that, "What is sauce for the goose Is sauce for the gander." The narrow,prejudiced, bigoted, stupid, tyrannous white people of South Africa force all the self-respecthJg, brave, liberty-loving, justice-loving, loyal Negroes into this attitude, or frame of mind, or unrest, by constantly prating, aad shouting from the house-tops, about ''whitedomination.'' Again,ifanything in the wide, wide world, ought to shake, nay, more, utterly·ruln, the confidence of the South African Negroes in the ability of the South African whites to govern decently, equitably, and according to modern ideas of freedom and humanity, it was the Transvaal-warfiasco which upset the country for nearly three years. and which was adjourned sine die on May 3 r, r9 02. Indeed, nnless the South African whites are totally devoid of all the compunctions of common shame and the sensations of ordinary propriety, it strikes us that it would be well for them to shut their mouths and hide their heads till human memory in its tender mercv forgets at least a little of their abominable treachery and deceit. Just think of the white side of South Africa at this moment-a huge cesspool of treason, a menace to the British nation, a topplin~ mockery, a nauseating farce. Before the ink on the peace agreement was dry, some of the very signers of it announced that there would be another war in South Africa in three or four years: that the Boers 14 E I l-l would never submit to British rnle. The fact of the matter is, the South African Negroes are the most trustworthy people in South Africa ; and England will find that unless she wholly depends upon them in the future she will lose South Africa altogether-that is, if England should become involved in a great war with any of the European powers, the South African whites would cede to the enemy. Hence, Rngland should heartily welcome any movement which inspires the South African egroes to take an active, patriotic, intelligent part in political affairs ; for this is the very thing they should do, the very thing their heritage of British citizenship enjoins upon them. To talk of white domination or black domination in South Africa is sheer foolishness, sheer twaddle. Equitable domination is the correct policy. The fellow who contends that a hundred and fifty thousand white traitors should dominate three millions of faithful blacks, simply because the former are Caucasians and the latter are egroes, is no more nor less than a vicious, conceited humbug,and a brazen disgrace to his race. Color does not make the man-it is the deepening and quicken• ing genius of valor, knowledge, and probity. Bishop Allen was a egro ; so was Bishop Crowther ; so was Frederick Douglass ; so was the Honorable Sir William Conrad Reeves. And let us say,once for all, that it is a perfidious, nefarious. blasphemous violation of every impulse or motive of the spirit of British Liberty, British Justice, British Right,to even think of keeping a people on account of their com pl exion because they are black, or wliite, or brown, or yellow, or red -under the heel of despotism. The white people of South Africa had better make up their minds almly and submissively that th r g-lme of k.rugerism ls moribund, in c.l trcmzs, and that thE.y will not be permitted to ride, with impunity, any long-er, rough-shod over the Negroes. The Negroes of South Africa have a God-given hold upon that country, it is their own land, their own land from time immemorial, the land of their birth and origin, and they shall be protected in it against oppression and oppressors, and encouraged to become participants in its government and contr,ll. In other words, so long as the Negroes are lo al to the King and his er wn, no man shall molest them, or stand in their way, or push them back, or touch them with the lash of slavery, without incurring the severest penalty of the law and the constitution. It is not a crime for the Negroes of South Africa to hope for the day when they ill stand side by side, and shoulder to shoulder, with the South African white people or even excel them and transcend them. And, after all, in a good many cases, in the majority of cases, we do not think the egroes will find the realization either a formidable task or a wonderful triumph. Furthermore, the white people of South Africa must make ready to meet the intelligent, educated, civilized Negroes on t rms of perfect equality. othing less than this will do. Nothing less than this will be accepted. Aye, in this age of grace and enlightenment, the educated, intelligent, civilized egr0es are not going to be bulli d, or terrorized, or cheated out of any oftheir established rights,especially in their own land and country, without entering a efinite and vigorous protest. Thanks be to God, the leading Negroes all over Africa are beginning to look forward to the time when the whole rac will be gathered together NE IT H 15 there in thebonds ofcivilization, unity, and empire. This is the proper view for them to take of their situation; and the view which must be warmly applauded by every fair-minded Briton. The Negro~s of South Africa have been knocked about, and trodden under foot, and ousted from their possessions, and rogued out of their earnings, by tyrants and adventurers from every point of the compass. And it is rea1ly a wonder of wonders that they have been able to live through such a hell of oppression. For their endurance, and bleeding, and heroism, they merit the active and living pity and charity of the bulk of mankind. Will they get it? We tkink they will. And there is another vital matter. The facilities for educating the Negroes of South Africa are wholly inadequate. Thus, a system of common schools, compulsory in their operation, and supplied with competent Negro teachers, should be established. If we had our way, we wou1d prefer to have the whites and the blacks educated together, in the same room, but, just now, this seems scarcely practicablethe whites object to it and the blacks do not favor it. Then the only course is to have separate schools. There is no good in arguing with an adversarv whe11 the time that it will take to convince him can be better occupied. Ifthe whites will not, at present, go to the same schools with the blacks, let the blacks have their own schools, and teachers of their own race to take charge of them. vVe advocate Negro teachers in Negro schools as a matter of pressing expediency, and because they will, under the circumstances which prevail in South Africa, be far moresuccessful in developing or moulding or drawing out the mind of Negro pupils than white teachers. It. has ~en our exverience that where Negro teachers are as efficient in knowledge, character, and ambition as the white teachers they have much better results in teaching Negro children. In fact, in comparing the work of Negro teachers and white teachers in Negro schools-i. e., Negro schools in the Southern Stales taught by Neg-ro teachers and Negro schools in the Northern State• taught by white teachers-we have found, as a rule, that the pupils of the former make greater progress in the same time, in the same grades, than the pupils of the latter. It seems to be a divine attribute of the educated Negro to know a thousand fold more about the Negro race than the educated Caucasian. Generally, both educated and uneducated C::iucasians are as blind as bats to all the Negro's finer and nobler qualities: they see him through a smoked giass with dim eyes-eyes blurred with prejudice. Or beyond a very, very few exceptions, white teachers have not the requisite ~ympathy and patience and instinct to teach and leaven the Negro masses, and imbue them with patriotism, self-reliance, and pride of origin. As an undeniable truth, about seven-eighths of the Negro children educated under white teachers, become, as they grew up. ashamed of their dark skins, and entirely indifferent as to the destiny of their race ; and this results from the fact that nearly all white teachers overestimate the white man and 11nderestimate the black man. On this point, Bishop Crowther used to remark that if he believed a third of what the white missionaries said of the Negroes he would surely abandon them as good for nothing but everlasting slavery and wretchedness. And here is an extract from some doggerel verse that we fi nd in '' A Miscellany of Missionary Information for Young Persons, " vol. xx, page 169, NE ITH 16 under the caption of a "Hywn for a Poor Negro,'' which directly justifies Bishop Crowther : "Though we are black, and mean, and vi le, Lord J·esus on poor Negro smile." It would be hard to imagine anythfng more degrading to a Negro's sensibility and manliness than to sing, with a particle of faith, such hateful and devilish trash. A nmean and vile"Negro may forsake his meanness and vileness, and become, in the full sense of the term, a Christian, but be cannot change his black skin. Then why taunt him and twit him about bis blackness, and couple bis blackness pari passu with sin ? It is not by any means an ill omen or a disfavor to be black-to belong to the Negro race. Alack! for the most part, white ~eacbers and missionaries have made a snblime muddle of their work in Africa ; so it is about time they resigned in favor of the Negro. In the learned, refined, devoted Negro teacher, the Negro puptls will have a living and inspiring pattern ti) follow ; they will see day by day what they themselves may attain to by being studious, loyal, obedient, and truthful. Moreover, the well educated Negro teacher is the only agency through which Negro children can be impressively quickened with knowledge and civilization. Or the only true and short way to lift Africa up to the level of Europe, America, and Australia, is to strengthen the band of the Negro teacher and make him a visible force and power in that wonderful land. In fine, the employment of Negro teachers in Africa will open up a new and useful occupation to Negro scholars, and induce an extra attendance of Negro students at the great ~nglisb universities. Tilhnanism, or Mob Rule in the South 'l'h Hon. B njalllill F. 'l ill111a11, r ni 1.~tl St..itc:::i Senator Crom Sou t h ':.iroli11a, voices th f' •lin~ of his rnl~aL' and fH tious lJroocl. Aye, 8 nal,01· 'l'il1rna11 i:-. a fa it hful spe ·im •JJ o[ t h<· nuHL, a1ul ugly, and wicked Houth, Lil H ut.h tha t despiK · liberty, ancl batei-. j11slic ', a11cl t ·uni >lel-> right, n1td ct1uity, and tru1 h, a11d hum,\11ity into t,ho clu: . rn ot la<'l' wo1·ds, S •uatm· 'l'ilhoan Hla111ls fo e 1,h ig n01·ane , na1·1·ow11css, fr •nzy, concei , ing1•a, itu1·C'usl. l11deed, the co111m11nity, 0 1· localit ' , 11· place, i,t whi hit is po sil1l' [or hi· lik to ri · up t a positi n hat sbonlcl l>e tilled lJy a man of honor, Llisccrnm nt, and learning, •an s ·ai·ct•ly b9 said to be a single whit r •mo\· <1 from scmi-ba1·l>ari m. That is, Lo ·ay, a sPmi-bai-bnr n · p opl could no and vonlcl II t clispla.1 a p;reater Jack of good t,a ·tP a111l g; 10(1 ,i11tlg111 nt in the s ,tHdion of a l<•adPt' t h:111 Ul(' p opl(' of Sout,h Carolina in scndi11p: such a p rson to the hip;h sL lPgislativ eh111uh1.•1' of th nation. Ala. l and ala k ! th re i t o much wi ld-<>aL, and ·ow-lJo~·, ancl sho -gun . tatesmanship in vo n i11 the Sonth rn States. Y s, tb fe llow who an ch •w t he biggest qui1l of tohn ·co, ancl t alk th loudest, and us' th hitt l' st kind of abus , and spi11 the fo11lc · yam, and cur e ancl . w ;w by rh rru , and bmg the mos abou his eom·ag , and utter t..hc vilest fal · hood ·, is t h II lo ut· Lhc warmest prais ~ and .·upporl. Culture, m·banity. clip;ni y, 1·e ·traint, gentlen ss, and •otn•t sy, al'C' bu0 ·h ars in the ey s of h maj ority of t he 8outl L'n whites. Hen -, l" t it he !'laid, t ha 11n1il k. A11d t hl' ,. 1•y ht•st. ut' it i:--, :\Ii-. r:isldng!ni, n11d hi::; di -;1•ipl1•.--;!J'I' l,c•irn.!,,' l'l'\\'al'llnl wil h ;, l:11·g 111c..isu1· of :,;ucecs. : J:'<>Jack wum n who can hew wood ancl dn1w water with a gra cful and pleasi 11g and st1Ldious i.madc, and are not ush:1111ed ol' their <•a lli11g, and art: a, cr=-di to t he 1•:i<·e. ln fact, ~lr. tVas]1ingLon ha· been, from stal't, to Jinbh, read.· and willin · to do m1ythi11g:, 01· go ,lily\ •here, 01' mak any kind of 1·nmp1·0111isC' , in 01·fler to appease 1he gapi11p; w1·ath of his p ple's foe • Really, he has off 1· d him:solf up as a sa<'1·ilke t Lhc ine.·orabl veiweance, spit •, and ang r f t he Sonth 1·11 whites nrnl the inh-iguing d ·eit ancl plotting of a Jot of .Jndas l.'c·:uio . · in the North. All that the oily-tnngn<'cl, t ·o-faced vi sea r .ha\'C had to clo has h en c mmand him tn dig ancl s \' at and bl d, and he has innnclliatc]y lifted his hat :md rnacle an nheisance, and, w ithout v n a igh or a frown, :ct to cliggiHg and s weating and l1lP<'0 11 t, i11 1·01111d numbe1·s, 0,000,000 .. 't•µ;ro,,s: a111! 011t of th ::;c 0,000 000 :reg-1·01's, ahout ,.:-100,000 at·e rnu]a ttocs, (Jll ttdt•oous, all(l m·lc11·111ms, and the ot,he1· l ,:i00,000 Hl'(' nii.\<'<1 up i11 val'iou::; 1,nt darl,<'l' :-;hade .•\ 1111 rn1·soot l1 ! and forsoot,h ! the whok oft It is lllis1·1'g1•11atio11, stnpendom; :in l lren1<'11do11s as it i;.;, lies at the door of thc' ,\H1tl11•r11whitc people. 1.'hc fnct of t h0. mat loris, yo11 1·ai1not fiud, to-day, n :-;ii1°·lc-pur<' bl ooded Xcp;1•0, who belongs o t,he sla,·c ~P1w1·at i 11, orwho dcsccmls from the ·lavt' p;oiH'l'at ion. throughout the length aud tho hr adl h of the South. W will try aud mak tl1i.· point, a little plainer : all of t l1 -.c 7,,>00,000 Negroes can trace some of t lH'ir pal'<'nts, 01· grandpare11ts, or groa -grandpar nts, to full blooded whites; and in moi-;i ini-;htn<·cs to the ve1·y elite of t he na1 ion. 'l1hc 1,500,000 of blacker hue will havt• to :-,o•o back a generation or so oal'lic'1· Lor th ir white petligl'ec. And pa-8sing s 1·aug<"', though as l1·ue as heaven, there nro milJion,c;; of h ani ifnl people in the Sout h of t h<' Hi. t 'Ctd h antl t hil'ty-seeond cl greo of l>J oml,,, ho a 1·c not ulas~ccl a111oug the ·L'g·1·oes, but pa. s as whi ~s; i.e., rncu and". rn n 1Hte n part ,hite,ml on part .Teg;ro, and thirt:-011' parts whifr allll one part 'X ,gro. r:I.'lH' otiHpl'iHg-of an octo1·0011 and a , liik is th' :-;istccnth d<'g1"<'C, and th• 1'11illh· •n or this ofl'sp1·inµ; and a whit •• th<' thil'ly-se1·oncl. 'I he handsomest 111 'll nJHl women in th Routh h:1r1• a li11p;t' or 1· g-ro in tlwm; of cou ri-;e, tlwy an' tnk<'ll for all "hit ·, as th<'~· a1· l'Ollll<''ied with tiJ, ht>s and foremost white fa111ilil's. Jt is impossihlP to d lcet e ·•( pl h. · a (·lost' ,u1d 1·:11·eful s •ic11tilic c,:m1i11a t i n, the N<'gl'U blood, when y1 t ming! 011 drop ol it with 1iflccn or thirt:-on clr p.· of a1H·asia11. ~\ml, aft 'L' all, that :singl' th-op or ..,:cµ;ro giYcs th crnuk r a pr ·tt fn<·e ancl tiµ:1n·t'. To 1·.111 a spnt·11 "hif,•s .tl'l' 111111'" or l 'ss a 1•ong le1111(•raf ion ol •,,g-1•u ,11ul ( 'a 11t'a!oiia11. 'l'he \in<• or ll ithc t· siclc, or "here it is imlii-;putahly acl1uiU d. He1wtu1· 'l'i llman Ji ' s in a ,,·las · hous '. The g1·oss, unstint cl, IJat•efac cl liaison <' ist.ing i11 i he . ' ullt has l0ll11tl'cl an ua11kL•1·ecl and ga11g-1•c11 ,(l the mo1·::il, ancl rneutal, a11d p hy ·ieal tawitm or 1 th 1·ac•cs. ~\1Hl the white.· arc re. pon ·ible for it. rr1w. , fo1·cecl it upon t h hclpl ·s, dow11t1· d len, f('t{('l'<~d hla<'ks \ 1ith tb, lash. 'l'h<' hi.-lor~ nl' iitP ~·out h is a 1·ecorcl r u scriPs of <'L'iu s; aw l'ul (•rime. · rimes again:-;t G.ocl aucl 1n:111 and r 1igion ; rimes so brutal, s l1ei11 u ·, . o revoltiuO', that it ,. nlcl lie an unparc onabl .-in t · press th m in ·w rcls. Hone , it alwa ·s ·cclll · to u. · a vil ancl l1la:ph mom, slander f t rms, to hca1· a, S u t,h rn r ·whitc-orhlack,mal 01·fomalc, alk ahout t h virtu ancl pur ity i men aml ,, 111e11. r1 he abolition of slH · 'l',' ancl t he grac u al cln ·at ion or he ~ • groci,, put a · rt f checJ· on mi:-wcg<•11ation in tho nth. Th gl'ocs, vlH'n loft 1.o t hern~cl 'C'~, clicl n t c:11·c 1'01· an.-sn h allia11C'c. 'J heir clec:;ir was Lo pro mgale a me np: h1.: i1• w11 l' o1>l<'. N ilh 1'1·c•l~d11111 ancl k11owl<'rlgP 1·;1111p1 :,;f,-.p hy :,;{p p, t lw l'l'Hlc-of J',H'<', 1 h,, impn\:-;p nf ;.ra llaul,·~. and t lw spil'it, nf ,·hm,tit~•. B,,fnrP 1hP wa ,., ii was a g-1·a ,.,. 1.rsk t,o 1i11d a goocl-lnokitt!,!; sl:1 \':-; allfl frrrits or 111 cl 11 ivilization, tltp~• "ill clc \·clop, in th1·e o · four g nerati 11s , i11to a, brave, and graciou , and t•ornc.ly nation of brown people. Giv th m fift/ or ixty y ar · of liberty, education, :111 pro.sp rity, and ap:reat change m u. t and will l e wr 1i-,,ht in their g niu aml pprsonal a pe t. ~ p:a iu, . ' nat r 'I illman a. rti:. that '' :ill 111(•11 a1· n · f'r nt d cqn::il." rJ'his is rtainly nn ast.om1ding pie e of acting;. ,lust lwar in 11ind ! • .nat r of the l'niied 't:,tes, i:; ]e nl: s ,. I'll to uphold, suppol't, a, d ·etl or laughed :It. 1 ·ow, n 11· c•omment on THlmani. m i. si111ply tlii:-.: ii is th. hur~tiu0 • for h f a 1•ahid, 111,,iu:-.t, i1·1·t•p1•ps. i l · scnt im 1 t in the IT11ilctl ~1att•s-nll on•r th whole <•nun t',\" l~asl, West, l\ J'1 h, aml • outhwhieh will i11cvii.ably cnlrnina f' in romp!Ptel~· hlotJing th N<>gt·ocs out of national affai1·s, and, tinall) , out. f national c,·istcnc·e. Bi. hop Turner'. it <':l is th c•orr ton ; th ,....ep:1·ues must g t up aml leave he 1·11itctl Slates altoµ;<>tber m-h •.·tcrmiuatc1l. Thoy <·annot illimitahl .·m•,·ive the-,vh lcs:rle iuhibition f t h e.-e1· ·i of aJJ the impul·cs ol' Chri:tian manhood m11l WOlll.lllhnocl: ll 1 11 b f r man ypa1·s, thc•y will snr·l•11 nb or sin -und l' the pl' •:-;sure. 'l he ehild w ho is no allowed to use hL' head, hand. , and feet wi 11 soon dif' a -wrctchc(l l'ipple. 'l'lw Sot 1 lwrn .1:Tpg-1·0< s shonltl 111 t'k 20 N I: well, t,ha t to disft·:rn ·l11sc-lh<' 111 ..;i11qil_,, mcaus to l'Uin tl1c111 ;11111 hlig-111 t lw111 :,s freemen. 1t may lu.' Llt at t lw~ do 11111 really take an not e of 1 hPi ,. pt•1·il. .\ 1111 such is donutless i he cas<', as t host• \\ l1 n are born and rea ·ed i11 t II<• mid t nf da1igp1· are the las to l>l' i 111 l 1·<•S:,;l'd " 1I h I Ii c • terror of their si t,11:1tio11. It \\':t8 so \\i!h Herculanemn and Po111p<'ii 1111ti l . fount Vesuvius ovcrwholrnctl hc-111 , i Ii l.1,a. The clouds aucl wists arP l,c•i . .d1111i11µ; In for bode a clrearlflll :-;torn1. 'l'ake t 111• suffrage. At t hi YcI·y hou r, h • U,000,001J Negroes in he 8011th, with lcgio11s of capabl men, cHHl ta.· d 11 oyc•1· '"'l ,OOU, 000,000 of real and pei•c;onnl 1)l'npe1·t.y, have not eY n a sing-I rep1•c:,;c11tat i ·c i11 either branch of on gre. ·s to gum·ll thl•i1· welfare. J8 this not a rn,mrnflll. pitif'11 I, frightful porton to gaze upo11 '! 1'he moYcment alr<•ad: on foot to p11llif'., the force of th Jil°t<'<'nth am<'t11 lmcni 1o the fed eral con ti ut ion Yill r-.0011 1•ec;11l1 in the utte1· diRarmame11t f t.lw X1•g·1·oc-.. of the ballot. 'l'his is i hje1·i, awl it will succ eel; but it is, neYerlhelcs.·, an 11trocious, ouirageom;, iniquit u11. · pot·<·y. 'l'he very rnome11L thnl t he 1\•g1·o's ua.me i. 1·:umcl fl'o111 the ,·Clt<•rs· Iisl,, ht• jg n.n abject, def ,w 'l<'::;s, h oppk•ss slaYP ; nay, even w rs tlurn an :i bk ·t, del't.'lH' ,_ less, hopel ss slave : a hinµ: in ·whic·h nobody has a vestige of iut rest : a rlo\\'llright, miserable, 1·ini,,i11g outbw: a h11·:1·d for scorn and e ntcmpt a11cl yioh·111•p tn shoo their poisonon a.rt·o,,·:-; at with 1J ,._ feet impunity. I would b far bet er for en'rr .J. 'Pg'l'o in the South t o commit Ruieidc, 01· die i11 a dungeon, or b la i.n , r 11ssassi11a eel, or massacred, than o atfr111p tu Ii Ye there after he is cl 'lllHl cl of his pnlit ic·al a,nd civil rights. The charge that th · ut hc1·11 Xeg-1·ocs are inclined to conun it imle<..'t:ni assault and rape is groundl s. ·; it is a 1il'mlish lie. Th y a1· uo more i111· i11ed i11 that direction than t he onth 1·11 wltitc-s · in truth, they are Jess in •linccl. Of tlw two races, the black~ a1'c rcall) the 11101·c chivalrous and prudC'nt. Th Ne 0 ·ro s we1· tes1eel :ind tp:,;j ed TH :ind I1•..;I <·ti cl 111·i11~ 1lw ('i \'i I \ -;1 t \\ !1 1·11 all !lit• :-.11•1111~ :111tl :il,lc•-llndic•d \\ l1 itP 1111•11 \\'1•1'l' ;""•~· In llw 1'l'011t. .\ 11d :ill t hat (i1111•, l'l'lllll IHtil to 11'fi:i, 11 11l ,l si11µ;1<., off<•11 cc• ol' :111r d1•scl'ipti1111, kind , 01• 111:111 11l•1· \\:t .., p1•1·p,•t 1·:1IPd Ii~ H bLiek 111a11 aµ;:1i11st :1 \\l111c ,,·,1111:111. 'J'hi:-, is tlw 1111i111p1•:l!·h:thlt• t •st i1111111~· uf l1ist 0 1·,' 'l'he i11111'di11al«', 1111c·o11t1•11lli1hl l', -,h,1111 ,_ le-ss 111st -p:1ssi1111 i~ 011 t ht• n( lwr s idt• of lu• house. Fo,· l'\'t•i·y i11d1•t.·t•11t a. sa nlt 0 1· nt)l' 1.·0111111i1tccl in thl' Soulh Ii~ ldnc-1, 1ll<'J1 IIJHlll whih• \\'omen t l1t'l'<' a,· at I •:is[. firt. · 1·n111mittcd Ii~· \\ hiil' 111t-11 11p,111 hlac·k wowc11. ,·011th1.•1·11 ,·hill• 111 11 a n: 1111' orig·i11:itors nf all spee it.'s of ll•C ht.•1·~· . li l1Pdinism. and irn•c•st. \\ ltt>ll ,·e ( l1i11 k of !),000,000 pC'uplt; ns i lie cl i1·cl't l' ' ol11t it111 of a hng-1•, h1·11iish. dP, ilislt pro ·t•ss n t•o11ctil1i11.11:,;1•, it 11iakt'!-i us 1,lush ,11ul si~h and 1·eg-1·l't. ..\nd whe11 , o s 111·111isc th clcµ;i·:ul i11µ:. clis~us ( illt!., tlch nn 1a n izi11µ,· la ·k wo111e11. ni11l'lc<'n white llll'll out of' l'H'L'Y (went.· woulcl hC' in the Stafr _pr· i:;;011. 111 a f'c\\ wo1·, \\l'itt<-n 01· 111n,1ittcn. ,,hielt hincls n whi1P lllall to re. pee( a Illa •k WOIIIUll, Hen<·~, ~·on nc\'el' sec a , 'nnth '1'11 " h itl' mun rcnwYe his hat to a .'C'g-ro lady : \\'hil<· the black uum 1·:tisl's his int uiti ·< ly i o every wlii le WOllt:111 \\ ho 'OllH' ' iII h iH ·wa/. ·ol':11·c iht' titlcs",11•s." :11ul "1''[iss'' EI TH 1 l'\l'I :JLJPli,•d li SoiifJip1• 11 hitn 1111•11 111 hl.11'1, , tllllt'll. \ So11I h<·1·n \\"l ii l<' 1,m n will 11nl <'\I'll mw I Iii:-. ,·i,·ilit,,· i11 .1drl1·1·ss_ i Ill,!;' Ids "Ji I.wk 111 :1 u111~·." III I ht• W«--..1 I11dil's, ('P11t 1·al , 11H•1·i<·a, Sout Ii i nw 1·i<·a, (';rnad a, a111I Afri<-a , it is a 111m,t 1mns11al 1hi11µ; 111 l1c•,11· nl' a X<'~t·o hc•i11µ: µ; 11il t .,· o l inde(·<·nl as. ,rnlt • ll' 1·atH'. 111 some 11 1' t hes<• plat·<'H I ht• Xcg·1·0 populat i II is many timl's that of' th whit•, and, y,t. that 111ak Ps no dill' 1·<•1we, ,, bite wn111 C' 11 nrc n •v r mol t·sl <'d wit It kni ,·co.; and cln hs and 1·illc•s, fnlltrnt'll h ~· pat•ks of sfal'\Pcl and s 11arli11g and 1·a i'IIOll~ dog-s, 1·11sh npo 11 a tlc>l't111t•1•l1 •s!-o anti hal'll1l1•ss .·c•g-1•0, :111tl dear 111 all his sol1•1 1111 Jll'Cl{l'sts ,11' i1111m·c•t1l'l', hi11d lti 111 \\it lt Yi1·" thongs, la<.• <-'t·a le hi111, st· 11rg-P him. pdt him wi I h Lt n11 cs. pl1u-k ut his t')"l'S, c-nt off his nose a nd ca.r:-:, 111ak(• him d l'i11k dPacll) poiso11, fill hi s lhl'oat, \\ ith <•oat ol' fi 1·c, ski n him. st il'k .· ha 1·p pl•g·s into his Ill's!,. 1·i. clist• 11:-;s ( hC'il' . it 11atio11 fol' fe111· ol' being l:nehed. ta .1."egl'll co11,· nti u, las( ye111·, h lcl in a 'ort lH•1·n ·it:. tht , ·011tlH•1·11 dc!C'gat(•s r frainl'll 1·0111 s,1,vi11g 1111ythi110-at all ahon t t he il' (•011cli i 11, hrnwing-that if' hey tl 1101h i11 IH'SP 11 t h ;tnd in th<' i ' 111'( h. , 1'_!.!,"m c·tlilot·s ;1 1·1• \\'hippt·1l, c111cl ltn1tg-<'rl , .111d sltot, :111<1 ll11•i1· 1•o.;fnli lish11u•1tl s lt ,1·11 i11ln aln111s. ll1<:1110111e11l. l h<\ ' sla1l( I 1111 101· llt<'il' 1·iglt(s a11cl impl'Pt·at • i11,i11st ie,· and t) 1·a1111y. W<' :11·1• l'ull., (H'1·s11a1lPd I liat Till111aoi-;m is a v1•1·iblil e d isPas1•, a sod of JI •gr 111a 11ia , "hit·lt lws lH'en p1·ccipitatec l1y a 1·011gc1·ie or , ••·.,· stthl 11• :11ul intri<·at< ( ' C OJlOIII j ' ro,, •(•-.. : fo1·1 ·(•s fa l' l>cyo11tl t llC' g-ra,·pof 111" 11 w:--ses; and lik •pve1·y other a lmo1·rn al vmot io11, wl1C-'l1 it IJec·om •s u1 111s11all. · <'\<·itc•cl its \\ holt-b •11t 01· lic•sii·c' is to kill t ill· ,ic•tim of its ha lt'. 'o 011 i lt is ni;<. poi11t-thP 'Ne~ ·o" tliP w hi t(,, 'ontlH•t·11<•1· is a pi·opL•r c1·az;: rnan , :111 Pllt·ag d l1111a( ie. a li<'n pe11pk• allowed to ,·otP, to slop at tl11• sa11w hotel.·, to 1·id<' in (h<' :-;:i111e ca1·s, (o. foPr li arnl 1l 11:1 <', from Demost h<'tl('. and ('ic· 'J'P lo \YP11tll'II llhi llip::; and F1· 1l<'l'i<'k ]>o ug-1 ,1":-., 1·ould h e• put into an iium 11sc~ Ho cl nml pom·ed iII Io th<' can.; of' t lw Soutl1 1·11 " hit<' fH'nple, i11 the ndyoc·n<·y r tile X 'gToe · 1·1µ;hts, Hs chal'm autl magi<· a 11d spt->Jl ,, 01111[ lu• Jos1 an l thro \\·ll nwa,y. rr!1 c South is doom d t 'disc· 1•<1, JJ<'r ·pcution, and viol .ltl'<', while t he• i wu r ,H·es remain there t oµ;ct hc•1·. Tltis .1ntip:1thy is l111t .a l'< P<'1 it inn f paRt a~es. 'l'hc I ·t·11clitcs , ·cHild J :n·p heeu destroyed l'OOt a11d ln·atll'h if i h<' had continnml nrnc-h longe1• i11 Eg~·pt. 'fh<' voi.m·i -; or 1'illn ani st11:ll'P lik<• th<' H a11µ;1•ls i 11 an n wisl', tl1e jui-. 1. a11ll the tir-a, 1• i.e., rightP011s mPn :11al , om 11 , ill JtL, Pl' It I a t·cmardl:, ,·i<·ion:-;, k•l'he,1•011 · 1111({111.111 ,, in l1Pii l'a nw a.1 ir Jn1•pfa1 hl'l'H, \\'hl,l'l' the dc•stinr or t h<•t· ]';I('' Ill IS • ht \\(Wk Pd llltl rt ll(l <'' Pll ll:l 11,,· sPi I le •d. The Negro Problem, and How o olve it • . r. l'AR'r E. * The fo1lowing ls the beginning of a series of articles to be published under the above beading, setting forth an abstract of facts, figure , and arguments in support of a practi al plan whereby the continent of Africa may be colonized, civilized, and Christianized, *We u~k the read r to snspc1Hl ."111-and establis or found there a great self-governing colony under the British flag. There are in anada, the British West ndies,and the United States, combined, about 12,000, oo Negroes to choose from. And all these egroes dearly love England. They love England, because she is the great fountain of Christian Liberty, Christian Justice,and Christian air Play. They love England, because she treats all men regardle s of their race, or their color, or their creed, according to their intrinsic character and merits. They love England, because she is the abiding friend ofthe long-suffi ring, and the invincible defender of the downtrodden and oppress d. nd tb y think and live under the inspiration of an .,nglish muse. And their ideals of life are all '.nglish. And they opy and emulate English models and examples for everything. They speak the English language ; read English literature, attend English schools. and colleges, and *D1·itisli, '1· i1•:1 11 0\\ <·onl :iimi, i11,•l 11d i11p; llw 01·a11g·p Hi \f'I' ( '01011. a11d l ht>'l'1•a11:-i· ,aaI I 1 1 ;111 o 2 (" , 1,1.>,;)I\"l {J" square ...,o 0 11y , :11·1•:1 1• ~ 111 ilc>s, universities , play at English game , wear the same kind of clothes worn by the English ; reside in homes like English homes , eat the same kind of food that the .,nglish eat ; work side by side with the English at the same occupations and professions ; ing English songs; fight and die for ngli ·h principles f right and equity; and worship the God and the Christ of the nglish. And an1ong them are to be found hosts an hosts of splendid pe ple-scholars, merchants, farmers, and mechanics,-who are deeply anxious to improve th ir social, and industrial, and political condition, and who are worth considerable property,* and who believe at heart that their true destiny is to go ba k to Africa. Such a colony as we have in view here would be the nucleus of a great African dominion, or a great African empire-an empire of dazzling glory and power. And in less than twentyfive years it would be in fair way. well on the road, to absorb and control, not by the conquest of war, but by the con uest of fraternal suasion, every foot of Africa from the Cape of Good Hope to the Mediterranean Sea. Twenty thousand stalwart blacks and whites, picked from the ver er ~me e la creme of both races, going to Africa with a will and a determination of brass and steel, to exhaust aJl its abundance and munificence of resources-to convert its boundless forests of co tly and beautiful woods into lumber and articles of manufacture, to mine all its precious and useful minerals, and to husband its rich and bounteous lands-would leaven the whole continent with the *ThP ttl,!.'gt'etriltC ,, (':tl th ( the ''g't'1)1 •is of Ca.rnuln, th<' Bl'itiRh W st, lncliei-;, :.1 1td th l 11i tA..., <1 ,'tat's, is Pstim: 1,•d,at t llis ;\rj j 11µ, , icl 111• OYl'I' , . J.2 0,()110,(1(10, ()j' ti ji,; a11101111i ..... l,07:i,11011,0 o l1\·ln11" t" lw l • gro1•s f I h . ; nii ocl Ht at.,•:,.;. NEITI-I 25 i sp iration of British 1 yalty, British patriotism, and British civilization. Indeed, if Africa gets into the hands of th right kind of people--a thinking people, a Christian people, an industrial, commercial, agricultural peopleit can e made a great spring of imm nse wealth and happiness. W are fully satisfied that the Caucasian race and the ... egro race can liv together in perfect peace and se~urity if the very best specimens of both races are selected for the experiment. The hostility which exists between the two races in the Southern States, and in some of the Northern States, is wholly abnormal and local, and does not obtain in any other part of the world in so marked and aggravated a degree. Under the British flag, the egro is a Briton, and to be a Briton. the most exalted status known to a rati nal creature, is to be above all - dis inctions of race, or color, or creed. \Ve detest race, or color. or creed lines. We think just as much of a white man as we do of a black man , and we will do just as much for the one as for the other ; and this is the way it should be. The white race is a mighty rac , a grand race, a sterling race, a rac perfectly im• bued and inspired with a 1 th refining and ennobling gra es and attributes of wisdom, learning, an righteousness ; and may be moved and persuaded to adapt its life and energies to anything or everything that makes for freedom and equality. And the British branch of the white race is the salt of the human family : that is, it is the very best and highest development or evolution of mankind that the world has ever seen ; in other words, it ia a royal breed of men , but in time, the r egro race will overtake it-tempu onmia re,:e!at. ~ ., \Ill, ('11\ ll L :s C' \ \ll'I\J:IL 1·r 111 ;1 photoi: ral'h ~p ·ciull~ 111·l'J':lfl'd lol". t:11111') I'. II. 1:rn·11 The Museutn Shell 11' Cll \HI.ES '\\Ll'IH.1.1, 'J'lu•~· 1·i:-;1• a11cl foll, for '\'('l' 1·i~(~ .lllcl fall l.il,P lon~-clra n snbbi11µ: aft1'r s101·111y t1•a1·:-, Tllo.·(' 1l('CP and so1('1l111 l'l·lwc:s Ihat 1·p1•:1!1 The mis y mmuo1·ic::; of Ya11i. h<'d y1':1r::-. '. \ ' it hill 111 y h a1·t Tl1old them and 111~· lii'L•, M ~ ghost]~· li fe, is hid be11Path n1~· di· :,ms: 'J'he qui t h nr:-; to me n1·e sf'a-gT<-'<'11 :,;t1·ifc A ncl all 11 1 l ights ai•p Hhirt i11g-01·1':111 ;:ll'arns ! ' 'he dark ling c:01·11c1·.:,; or Lhis 11Ul'l'()\\' hn111c • 1• dim ,d1 It tall sca-µ:rass<'S io my ht>ad; 1ul glimm •1·i11g ,·i11dows a1·c bnl slH'cls of foam That whitc 11 shoals 111,11i:11·k <•1l 1111 hm1ia 11 chart! Wh.it siny · h( 1·ose-hlon111 on 111 ~ lougiuµ: lips 'l'lu·oug h d ust y y •an ., of dw11g!'IPsS clay ,111tl cla:: Hut-fm1l'ied 1·aptun • as t.h <• 111c•1·umicl sips l\fy b1·i1111ninµ. draug ht ,, it h laug-hter hl'igld and g-a~· ! Olt ! .rhyt l1111h· l1eat , Old Ocpa n·:,; :,;ong ! -I li t'ur· St1·ani?:c vok es rOLmcl II c i11 my c.·ill' di111: 'fhcse voiccH f· l er, change a11cl , :\LA., LL.I>. 1:1\, \\'. O. IL\ \' \Ill It, \I.,\., 1,l. JI. l'rnm a ph01o~r:1ph "'l"'''hll.1 pn•1 nrrtl fo1 . EITII l,_r I' II t:re.-11. P E Tiors to the arrival of the Loyalists in 1,R3, the number of individuals of African origin, who resided within the confines of what is now the Province of ew Brunswick, was s small as to require but a few words at our hands. It is of historic interest, however, tc ascertain as nearly as possible the date when the first representative of the race set foot upon our soil. The census taken by i\I. de Muelles, *A most i11tC'rc•sti11g-a11d ,·alnalil<' papp1• · h,· the la fr HP,. T. \\ abn11 Smith, J). n., pt1lilishc-d iu i he ·ollc-d.ions or thl' .Xo,·a S1•ot ia J[isiiol'ica1 SociPtY, Yul. X. has rurni,hPd 11111eh of the inatc-rial of this 111·ti t• l(. 'l'o lh 1 lat P Dr. Smi 1h ""'t·y :l<'kllP , li'dgv111t•1tl is d 111•. in 1686, when French authority prevailed in Acadia, shows that there was then living at Cape Sable (near Yarmouth) one La Liberte, designated in th census as " le negre." He was proba ly an escaped slave from one of the New Hoglan colonies. It is said that several sl~ves were brought to o a Scotia, about the year 1i<>o, b aptain ennacherib Martyn and other offi ers of disbanded colonial corps, who were, about that time, assi ned lands near the River Aulac : and it is ossible that one or two persons of African origin may have then lived near the Tsthmus of Cbignecto, within the borders of what js now the County of ,Vestmoreland. It is not, however, until the year 1767 that we have positive proof that a man of Negro blood was actually resident within the bounds of our Province. n the 20th of June in this year James Simonds wrote from t. John to Iessrs. Hazen and Jarvis, his partners in ew England, informi g .them that he bad promised 3 to I hoRsheads of lime, manufactured a t. John, to a merchant in Halifax : he adds : ''Expect nothing but to dlsa point him as that rascal Negro West cannot be flattered or drove to do one-fourth of a man's work: shall give him a strong dose on Monday morning which will make him better or worse, no dependence can be put on him." Evidently West was not a particularly creditable specimen of his race, but he claims the honor of being the first of African blood to take up his abode at St. John. The census of the townships of Nova Scotia, taken in 1 67. returns two NE ITH 28 Negroes as Ii ing at Hopewell, on the Petitcodiac River. Free Negroes were rare in America at this time ; it may therefore be assumed that the individuals mentioned were slaves from New England. As contrasted with the conditions existing in the Southern States, slav ry in British North America was generally of a mild type. The master had no control over the life of his slave. If he killed him he was liable to the same punishment as if he had killed a free man. The master was Hable to have an action brought against him for beating, or wounding, or for immoderate chastisement of his slave. The slave had the same right of life and property as an apprentice ; and the practical difference between a slave and an apprentice in early days, was that the apprentice was a servant for a limited time while a slave was a servant for life. In many instances no doubt the position of slaves was very arduous aad humiliating, but in other cases it is stated that they stood high in the confidence and regard of their owners : "They were not exclud d from the domestic affe tion ; in families of middling rank they frequently had their places at the board ; and when the circle closed around the evening hearth its blaze glowed on their dark shining faces, intermixed familiarly with their master's children.'' In not a few instances th slaves adopted the surnames of th ir masters, and, thus, originated the names of Ludlow, Winslow, and other family names of the colored race in this Province. At the close of the American Revolution a large number fNegroes came to New Brunswick with the Loyalists ; many of them were freedmen who had esr.aped from r bet masters in the South. The British generals, notably Sir Henry Clinton, had offer d protection to all slaves fleeing within their lin s. om of the black refugees enlisted in the army as pi n ers, drummers, and buglers ; and one corps. '' The Black Pioneers," formed in , 776, consisted solely of egroes. bey ser ed with credit throughout he war , and at its termination, th survivors wer disbanded in ova Scotia and ew Brunswick. The muster rolls of this corps contain an odd list of names, with surnames often wanting. The following will serve as specimens . rince, Tony, Tobey, Brass, Qnash, Cudjoe, Bednigo, Glasgow, Dublin, London, Friday, August, Liberty, Old Tom, Big John, etc. Classic names als abounded, such as ato, N ro, and Scipio ; the most common name, however, was that of Pompey: no fi wer than fi ur of the nam were enroll d in one company; th y were distingui. hed as Pompey 1st, Pompe) 2nd, Pomp y 3rd and Pompey ith. At the close of the Revolutionary \Var, there were withi the British line~ at New York about 2 ,ooo t scaped slaves. Consternation was produced among them by a rumor that they were about to be delivered up to their old masters, whose agents had appeared at ew York. To allay their fears, Sir Guy Carleton issued a proclamation guaranteeing liberty to all who when taking refuge witbi the British lines had formally claim d he prote tion offered by British commanders. Washington demanded the :-estoration of the slaves to their former owners, butSirGuy declined to violate faith with the .i.. Tegroes. He contended that to do so would in some instances be to deliver them up to e.·ec• Uon or sever punishment at which humanity revolted. He added that ifsending th m away should thereafter be deemed an infraction of the treaty of peace compensation must be made by the British government; EI1 ·f-i 2.. and in view of he possibility of such a ont ogency he directed a register to be k pt of all Negroes sent away with the oyalists. In this register was entere the name, age, occupation, and also the name and residence of the former owner of each slave. Sir Guy justly observed that had the egroes b en denied permission to embark they would nevertheless have found various methods of quitting the place, and the former owners, unable to trace them, would lose all chance of compensation. This arrangement having been made, to the great satisfaction of the fugitives from Georgia and the Carolinas, they were furnished with a certificate which dispelled tbe{r fears, and in a short time transports were provided to carry them to diffe1ent parts of ova Scotia-th n in luding the Province of 1 ew Bruns• wi k. A prominent ,vhig, living at Hack insack, );ew Jersey, le a letter to a fri nd, dated August .,o, 1 j8.,, recounts h is ~perience during a recent visit to ew \ ork. Ile adds : '' Few or no egro slaves are given up. My chief errand to town was to look up one of mine, and I saw the rogue, but found he bad formed such connections with a certain great personage that I could no longer look upon him as my own. He told me he was going to Novy KoRhee.'' early all the Black Pioneers went to Shelburne or nnapolis to be dis banded. Lieut. Gov. Carleton wrote to Secretary of State Dundas, Dec. 13, r791 1 stating that one Thomas Peters, a N gro, who had served as sergeant in the Black Pioneers, bad come from ... .,. ova Scot.ia, som years before, to inquire what encouragement he and the Black Pioneer might expect if they came over from Annapolis to settle in ew Brunswick. He was told they would receive allotments of vacant lands in the same proportion and on the same conditions as the Loyalists and dis.. bande soldier . Governor Carleton a ds: ''Among the free egroes settled in this province, I have found only three who appear to ave been ever employed in any military service. These have had their allotme ts with their respecti e orps. fhe res are such as by Peters ar denominat d Black efugees, who having come within the ritish lines to escape the service of their American masters cannot be considered as entitlEd to claim anything from Government further than persor.al protection and freedom from servitude, which they enjoy in conseqnenc of arrangements made by the ommander in Chief previous to the evacuatio of ew York for granting them an a ylum in this country. " The Lieut. Governor states that lots were ~rante the Bla k Refuge s at St. John where many of them remained until the provisions granted by the GoYernment ere exhausted. Early in 1jS5, it was proposed that those inclined to become farmers shout form themselves into companies for whom lots of land, of fifty acres to each individual, would be provided, and if success att nd d them, additional lands would be provided in pro ortion to their exertions. These o-ffi rs were intende to encourage them to acquire habits of industry and forethought, without which freedom could be to them no real benefit. They accordingly formed emse ves into three companies; forty-seven lots were surveyed for them on the Nerepis River, arljoining the southern boundary f General Coffin's mano ; fifty-two lots wer located at Milkish; and twenty-four lots near the lands of the range angers at Oro 1uaco . .,..-Very few of the egroes, however, were dispose to become *.1."nw, Qu:lf•o, or :-.t )I ·u·tins. 30 .. 1·1 H farmer , the nin orit pre enccl lo enter int service 1n lJl iv.. tt: f-rnllies, in which wages e e very good, ow111g to th scarcity of laborers. About this period bounties wer offered to those willing to enlist in His Majesty's service. Few were inclined to accept the induce ent, but a larger number were disposed t join the African colony at Si rra Le t'. The origin of this ittle African c lony claims a brief notice at our han Thomas larkson, the son of an English clergyman, was a leading advocate of the a rti n of slav r •. While a student at .. t. John·s C llege. Cambridge, he gain cl the rize oflerernitR y:1s made in lHOI " ht>11 thl• rolhrning ,lpl)CHJ'l'll in t,hl'~-"B1·t111~\\1<·k Ro~·:tl Uaz<'t.te : "YORK RA .. ·(:E ' . • .\Jl fr "yo1u1g' 1 l'n ot <'010 11 1· " h ai·t• · able and willing iu Sl'l'Ve His . Ia.i<-•st: King G org u ·e hc1·<'h. infor111Pcl that a few ehoice lankr of Yo1·k. 0 8u<'h lwa\.(' llll'll r the ctho,·' dt'Sl'l" ptio11 as uJ' amhitiou. of at·q1dri 11g-the h 110J'abl clistinc•tion of a 1.::lritish solclie1· a L'l' reque tcd to apply to Lil·nt. 1 JllNlg-1• I' ~aid R p:inwm, rnrn in ,'t. ,fohu ·lwl'l' thP\ , ill t·Pct>iY1• Jht <: 11i11eas 1101111 • theft way to hng·land. Mauy of the · · pto I wer sent by the · lety t &·erra r,eon , ,t place thought to b well adapte to their constitution ·, but after ards found to be so pestilential as to b ter ed · 'the grav of the whit man. " In order to strengthen the colony, John larkson, a brother of Thomas, just mentioned, came out to Nova Scotia, with the approval of the British G vernm nt, to encourage the regr es there t remove to Sierra Leon . He succe ded in indu Ing nearly I, ,,oo t ac mpany him at ong the number were ,,..,2 from St. John, Frederi ton, and other laces in this Pro ince, who er thus lassified men 1:! , men tq, chil ren S 11 They were collected nnd r the upervision o1 a Ir 'Cthoff, w om th Lieut . TOvernor ap inted agent in the matter, anc who received the sum of {.8 , 16,S stg. for transporting his contingent from St. John to nnapolis. In this way th Province lost a considerable portion of its fre groes. T But there was an elem nt that lark- on could not reach. hose of the Loyalists who had be n in a uent circumstanc s in the old colonies as a rule brought with th m their olored servants or slaves. The majority in process o time receiv d th ir fr edom th ugh many re ained in the gervi e of th ir former asters. In the muster of Loyalists living on the River St. John, made by order ot Major General Ca pbell in 17f-i4,, four hundred and forty-one servants w~re include . Th y were oubtless for the most part egroes. Th re were, however, a considerable number of free N griJes in various parts of ew Brunswi k, several of whom were grantees at Parr Town and Carleton. A detail d list of the sla e owners in New Br nswick annot be attempte , bnt it in luded lea. in~ indi idnals in NE ITH_ 31 n arly all part· of the Province. ieut. Col. Beverly Robinson brought with him from ew York nine colored servants ; Lieut. Col. saac Allen, seven ; Lieut. Col. dward Winslo , four. Hon. Gabriel G. Ludlow, first mayor of St. Joho, an for many years administrator of Government, was a slave owner, so, also, were General Coffin of Nerepis, Lieut. Col. Richard Hewlett of Hampstea , James Peters of Gagetown, Elijah ~Jiles f Maugerville, tair Agnew of redericton, Col. Jacob Ellegood of Dumfries, Capt. Jacob mith of Woodstock, Titus Knapp of Westmoreland,Judge Upham.and many others. Even clergymen were slave owners. Rev. James Scovil, first rector of Kingston, N. B., in rS04 bequeathed to his wife, Amy, his servant boys obert and Sampson, aged respectively I 2 and 1 y ars, with a proviso that at the age of 26 years both should be set at liberty if they discharge faithfully the duties of servants until that period. Few slaves ere to be found in eastern New Brunswi k; there were also very few in the Cou ty of Charlotte. In the last named county there was at Beaver Harbor a colony of uaker Loyalist , the only avowed anti-slave y ettlement known to have existed in British North America. These Quak ers, mo t of whom had fled from Pennsylvania and ew Jersey to New York, form d an association in June 1783 to settle together "on the River St. Johns in ova Scotia." At the head of their agreement, in a bold hand writing, were the words "N SLAVE !ASTER ADMITTE .'' Early newspapers ot this Province prove that slaves w re frequently offered for sale. The Royal Gazette h j 1786 contained an advertisement of "a Negro h y for sale· ' ' and agnin,in October 1788, "a stout, likely, aud very active yonng >lack woma1 , " was a vertised fot sale in a St. John paper, " not for any fault, being slngu arly sober and diligent.'' T ecool way in which human beings of the colored race were thus disposed ofis shown in the following remarkable co munication addres•ed ty John Rapalje, a most respectable citizen of Br oklyn, ., to his friend the Hon. Geo. Leonard of ew Brunswick: "Brooklyne, October 29. 17 7. " ear Sir,-I have taken the liberty ''at the desire of my father of sending " to your care a Negro wench named "Eve and her child named Sukey, in ''order to dispose of them to the best '·advantage. * * * * * * * She is an ''ex ellent hand at all orts of house "work excep!: cooking, and one of the "best servants for washing we ever had : "she is perfectly hon st and soher and ''the only fault she has is being near ''sighte . Mr. Francis Pemart and his "daughter l\Irs. Stoothoff, Mr. Thomas "Horsfield and family and Mr. John "Guest know the wench and can prove "the property. " fama joins me in presenting our "most respectful compliments to Mrs. ''Leonard and t e family. "From your hu ble servant, ''JOHN RAPALJE. "Geo. Leonard, sq'r. "Parr, New Brunswick, ova Scotia." In this -letter a power f attorney was inclosed, so worded as o admit of the disposal of moth r an:l child to differ ent purchasers if Ir. Leonard deemed it advisable. Inhuman as appears to us the separation of mother and child, ins ances in which it oc urred were not uncommon. For ne:i rly a quarter of a century slaves were considerf'd as the property of their masters in this Province, and as such were advertised for sale, and from time to time sold at prices ranging. from ,(2s to £-io, according-to age and capacity for work. As early a ' 1 786, the n.n was contested in St. John ity and County, in which Hon Charles Simon s, the fourth e1ected candidate, had a majority of seven votes over Zalmon Wheeler, Esq. The latter at the declaration declined to demand a scrutin of votes, as was then the almost universal custom in closely contested I ctions, as • · not agreeable to his taste or feelings.'' He added that, ' he ' •had held in rese1ve eleven votes of "Freeholders,which he deemed lawful"might ave brought them at the last " moment, and knew the sheriff could "no resist their being polle , which "would have given him the lead; bu ''these being from men of colour he also " k new i ould create another contest •'in the House of Assembly, the vil "consequences of which to the Prov' •in e, he too d eply deplored to allow "himself to be the cause of it." The newspaper account goes on to tell how the amicable speech of .r Ir. Wheeler drew forth the loudest plaudits from all parties-the most zealous of Mr. Simonds' friends hook him by the hand-they demanded thatMr. Wheeler should be chaire with the suceessful candidates, and there was witnessed the novel sight of stalwart antagonists carrie around town in this manner amidst the general cheers of their supporters. It is, nevertheless, a uestion whether Mr. \Vheeler would not have rendered a greater service to freedom and humanity bad he brought his Negro voters t the polls o that the question of tceir eing entitled to the franchise might have been brought to an issue and decided. The number of .....egroes in New Brunswick continued to increased spite the deportation to Sierra Leone . and the first census, in 1 '2-1 1 sho ed there were at that time in the Province 1,. 1 •'People of colour,'' distributed among t ev iouscountiesasfollows St John 681 Kings 1 7, Queens ·7, Sunbury 59, 1ork 351, Charlotte 53, \\'estmoreland 77, orthuwberland .,-, f these, 385 were men, -11 _ women, 355 boy , and 361 girls. After the passing away of. slavery in the Maritime Province~. slaves fr m the United States frequently C!ossed the international boundary, and having "shook the lion's paw" entered upon a llfe of freedom. Despite the obstacles tha have hampered the development of our brothers of the African race in this Province, their progress in education and refinement has been marked, and the outlook for the future has never been brighter than it is to-day. The Ca adian Outiook B\ THE RH\". ROHERT \\'TI ~O. , PH. D, HI:\. lWIHff!'I' \YU O ·, 1'11. I>. From a photoo;::rnph pPl'i,~lh pr p:iretl or Xtrnll lw P H (,re n. · ,, .\. ·AnA. the O""ll('I' c)f half :1 ro11t hH·11t, in llH' mng-ni1mlf' ol' hPr possf's:-.ie111s, in t 111 Wt>:i ltli 11f hPr l'l'solll'c'l'. ·. i11 1he "i-illf'\\ )f lwr nrntel'i:i 1 m ight. is t ht• 11<•f'1' nf :iny pOWPI' 011 l hp l :ll'lh." 'lhcs \\'O rtbi, 11ttC'l'1'cl Ii~· tlu' latP Ln1·tl Dntl'm·in, s,,1110 IWf'nly-li n·. ·p:i rs :ig-o, WIIC'll !!,u,·e1·nol'-/!C'll('l'a I nl' thC' Dominion. w -.,•c t hC'11 1·0c,-;11•king h-nmt•!'l ,·ithi11 111~1· hnnlP1's, :111<( Papitnlists nrc i11YPS1 ing· I llf•i I' Wf',I Ith i11 ill<' cle ·plop111P1tl' or 1t l' , a.... t 11111! ,·:iri •d 1'f'sour,~1..... H1•1· :.itLilUcl(• tlul'i1w llil' 1·et•on1 \\':ll' lnSnuilt \frica lin l\1';1" 11 upon hel' th1;,• c•yP. ol' llu• \\1n·ld, ancl h, s tlernon trat,•d 1101 onl lit l' loyalty to th rnotherla11 I l.JUt the soldierly qualities of her s011 • as well. 1'he vet-y success that ha, c· rowuecl her effort::: has created a som what unsettl<'cl c-ondition or thing.. and thonghtfnl men lll' all partie n1·e rathC'1' au.·ionsI: askinp,·, '' What will our fut Ul'C' he'!'' 'l'he \Yriter is of tlw opinion that Ow· JH'f' Pni, condition or t.hings eaunot he c·ontinnetl Yerr much long;er. The peop1 of Canada cli:like the ·word dependenc•~-. and al'c not, in lo\' with the dC'signation Minny and colonist~ :i..; appliell to tlwit· <·mrntt·~· aml to t.lw111scln :-:. Al l l'ltat hns ht-1'1\ 0111 g1·own. and a moi•p ut•tl wh011 t·wrnty ~· ·:n•s hC'llf'«' \\'("' nmY numhcl' as many 111i11ion.... , ""hf•n 011; t1·rHle will h p1·opol'i ionntel~-in1·1'C'as1•tl, arnl when the• c-1·easing l'Pw belier<' tl1 inle1·l'sL nf 'anntla w11nld h<' hest S<'t' c•cl h~· a1111cxatio11 t.o 1he Uni cd Si.ntcs. 'l'his is nothi11g He•,,·. it has always had its adnwatl's, a1Ht ca1·11nst, ln1t n11s11cces~ful ,dforh ha ,·c heen nwcl ' to popularil'-the idea. 'l'he 1 mericans, apart altogeth 1· rom t heir fntile attempt a<'quir th country h~· fore of. rill, hay cl t 1· i11g 6 N I h .i1• \\ lrnlP hi tor.· enn i1•d 011 :111 :1 C"t i < propag,)nd.1 ,•it,h 1-hi. i11, ie\\ ;tllll haH• had l't•eom•sp to n, •;111s aucl ,1~<•1wi1•s nuwo1·thy. 11 1•cat nation. T,n·ilts han· h(' •11 :n-rangecl and frri ta ting: al i 11 la y.., •n:1l'tc1l wit h this iu Yic, , a 11tl ,,·h II JH' tes ts ha, hc<>n mnclc . \\ C' ha,r l>P n <.: olJy informed h onl~ " ay of scape was I>~· a change of all gi.tn<·c. \Y a 1•<· liei11gr·o11. tantl.· L'f'lllill 110 folln, ·in!!; whatPY<'t' r -day. No clouht :llllt<•,alinn wnnlcl l11·il1~ us C'P-l'tain :uh a11tag:es in g;iYing us : c·c·c ss l a larg:<'l' rnarkct. i,, th<' mor<' g·cneral inyestmf'nt of Amc1·iea1 capital, i11 the devclopmt>nt of om· 1·esom•c•c:-;, in opc11i11g to ns po:,:;it ions ol hono1· :rncl 111nlt1111Put. as amhas. adol':-;, t·onsuls. and ot hPr l' prcsentatiYcs altrn:ul, .iml in l'r<'f'i1w: us from Cf'rtai11 rf'al or imagina1·y tl't nt,ohligt1t io118 ,Yhit•h .11·c a b:11· to tlw 1111iliea,tio11 ..11ul p1•ng1ess or tlw ('a11atlia 11 pe.0111 . But t'nl' t li0sc a hea "t pri1·c> '\\ 0 Jn1 and a fol'm or ....:oyr1·nme11 I 111:1 1 ii,, clirectJy rC'sponsil,lP o t Ii(' LH npl <' for 01w which fo1· l'o1n· )'Nll''-is incl<'p<'llll n t or the people : th lo. . · or hat hom • r ulP. we so gr atly prize; and inst acl f h in~ th second po-vC'l' in ~\ meri a , · , •ould . ink to th It> ·el f •' tal s ju t he l11in11 . I H \ncl ;1 • 1111' l"11ih I 1.: l,1 lt•s lws h1.•cn111p :111 imp •ri.d po\\ l'I' h~ flw a·q11i. tl,ionnr 11.,, ;11i, J>rn· 11 Hi1·111 .ml (ht: l'liilip pin•s. a11d \\ l' may add. h: uha. co111plie:1tions may aris \\hielt \\ Onlcll·omp l us to clr:t h s ,orcl ai,,'ains (,rC'a! B1 i tai11 ThPs1• an · matt •rs to he <1111~ <'nnsid r d. and wl1en thns eon ·id •1·c iµ,·1~ 1·011rts, aJ)p nb tu n 11 t· pridr aml sclf-i111porL11H·c. I 11 l all hat tdittC'rs is llOl ~olcl. a11cl th l'( is 111 \l('h o r 11tl... tinsPl in this i1111tlitt11•p is ahou1 . ·::i0,000,00 • 01· a hn11t , ' per h ad of Ilw •11 t.ir<' pop11l:1tin11. 'l'h<'rc i· 110 n •:is nahlP g·1·r 11ncl In hop' 1'01· any )ps. ( 11i 11~ (' t,IH· am,, 111 s n w uaid I'm· t It<' sp I l'al ii c•ms ,hit·h g·<, tn mal.t• up th<• :iggt<'g'a c. and f1·0111 that q11:11•1<'l' 110 11< 11 c·ntdd Ile looknd 1'01·. 1 o l hjs wo11 Id hn t. o lw atlcl<•d I ht• i11et·C'as0cl C'nst fo1· clPfc•11<·<', and suc·h h<'t' c ·pen-..c•. a· m11· nf' , l'< Inti ns 011ltl 1• q 11ir<': :irnl if ,,·<· p 11 t. the sum tntal n ~,;,,O 10.000, it mit.ht 11ot h l'<'~a i·c c tl "" l'\.t'<'s..,i · • 1·e "<' abl to lw:u· sueh :1 h11r1·:1tio111 f t h<• ail , oc•ates ol itHl< IH.'IHl<'m·<'. H11t. !-H1pposill!!: ht• <'n:--1 c·o11ld I, pro YidNI r ,., is l 1t,•1·e nn~· p;oo(l 1·('uson t.o C'XpN· ::nwh 1111 sL:1lilishmc•11t c•onld lu• 111nd<' a p<'1·111:rnent 011 '! 'l'hi:-. is a11 ag-1• in w hich · ak 1iati ll::. L'N'C'in• ~ ·ant 1•011 ·i f1 1· ft•0111 fo1• 1g 11 111tc-1·,·c•nl io11. 111 nn., ol,l1p1· pm•t nt' tlu• \\nl'l1l, s11d1 H 1·1 1111 1·. m, onr · wit.h sud1 a )ll'o pl rni ~ltl po. :-;ihly 111ai11laiu il.s indt•p 11 •nc ', hnt isituat d a:-: it is, tho I hiiw is out of th t!U<" tion. H wit h <:1·•at Britai11 at (1111' ha k om· cou i11.· Lalk as I h<'Y de, an a l11·iel' 011 • Bett1•1·, H thow,rn usirable nnntful moment a,...i f's, a " · IT l-f 37 \\U.' t hl •·011. tl'u • in• gc11iu~ or the )lglo• :-:;a \oJl will be> l'ouncl eq nal o U1e oceasion. 1: •-t tu the wotherlaua •h f'Ontributing to the strcn°·U1 nml dio•n ity of the othPr; and , ·bile thf' s atn f ea('h \Yonld b prornoL d. the tatus of t he inuividnal Canadian rnuld he fa t' snpcrim· to what it, Yould ll ii1 nny the1· political L't•lation op n to him. TIH'\'£' a1· , howevm·, som C':11rndians, c-hietly iu 1h P1·od11c of Q1u-'bec. who think nthN,1 i. 1•. While th irlen of t he I: IP MP. 1'IP1·<'ir-1· nl' 1hf' s ablisbment, nr '',1 Fretwh 11atinn on th IJanks of the St. La\\ l'«'ll<'C'" 111a.,· m il IH• r~ <":t ill<'. anfl while tli1·i 1· loyalts is not q nest ioned, i t wo111tl 1w l'l1aps Ii,~ 11111·0n s011:1bk to expect t.h m 1o look aL 111a1,l er. in tho sa111e ,,·ay a~ clo th i1· E11glish :-:p aki11:r fellow eitizens. 111 the: aJ'l' satisfiPd with lhC'it· 1n•e · nt, posit ion: l1c1 ,. no c·.nus f cornplai11t; and are oppoRcd lo clwng·e, lest t.11e Phan°·e he n t to th ir a1:11r ,,1th t,lll'il l<'llow <'ITl7.C' II, 1•l st•wli 1•ll•, i11 \\Pldi1 • to;;.-llw1· in som<' 1·l osl'l' 111111111 ( hl' , a1·1111 1s • l'l'tion s of Olll' ,·ol'ld-, 1d <• rnp11•1•. II. IL IL. l'Bl TE OF \\ \J.Fs. 11. I:. 11. I' I: I\l FS:-. 11 I \\ \ U :s . • The Progress of Canada'x~ .,1. HY TJig HO.T. H. A. )l'KEO\\',', B. A., LL. H., K. c., P. J'. I'nm, , 11hot11;:rnph ,pcl t.ill pn pare,! tor ~1<1 rn h) P. II 1:1ee11. J fJ . J>rcsidc11t: I is a watter of regret to me that I am not a sufficient master of the English tongue to adequately express my feelings of satisfaction and pleasure at being one of the recipients of your hospitality to-night. To those whose journey lies along the highway of public life, it frequently happens that opportunities ocrur for social and political and national gatherings, sim lar in kind to the one which we are now enjoying-. But while such occasions are s ommon as to pass almost unnoticed except by those personally engaged therein, yet there is one foature of this assembly 0 marked and so far removed from 01 dinary social or political gatherings, as to di:-tiaguish it in a marked degree frcw the great majority of gatherings at which public men are found. The circumstance of so ruany people of Canddrnn hirth meeting in an organiz ,lion ~uch as this, out5ide the boun.\. Throu;:h the com· .c~., ,if th• s"t..John Oail_\ T1:'.u~l'.t!'h. Pleasures of the l1nagination lff 1:m1. t he li auth•s of nat 111·t• .111tl at·L Th• w"it h ,tie p rinc·iple is inh<•1·e11t i11 nw11, and the pJ asu1·<•s arisiuµ: fr 111 the aet i\ ii: oi it ar HO exqui.·i1e, 111111! ifa1·io11s, ,rnd 11111ltitucli11ows that it is I 1·111~· said to ht• the mo:,;t frui tful l:!Ull l.'C(' of hlllllall l'l ljO) llll'llf. 'l'l1 c :,;1•1Is1 w tts pk•astu• •s a1· fransitory, :incl t<'1HI lo cl£'g-1·acl<• if iucl 11l "'<•d iitboyontl the lit11it or alisolut.(• ;111i11wl lll'<'CS. j , ; tho plP.ts111·(•s of tl1e i111ai.i;i 11at iott an! Ja ·t iug , :111<1 lht'i1· mocle or a ·ti, ity i · . ut·h l hat, tbl' efft•(·t c an he lllll ,ll' the• great st intPlledual l)('11e1ii. 'rlH' '-' hole thl'e grand di isions into whieh thP 111ind i. usually arl,it1·atily d i, ided , play a pa1·t in rhe a'stheti<·. Yo)ij ion i.· PX rt<• when ih int llect volu1Jta1·ily <·011{ mplates a wu·k of 11atul'c 01· art ; feeling is exorci. •cl '"h u it (i-. \\ \.I.K EH appeal::. to IIs as b ,a11lif11l, 01· di ·gust us; :tll(l j11dg111011t i · cxcrtc rstood. _\.ltho11gh t ask i s a n11i\' r s:tl ndowllll'llt, it is a 1110. t c·111lin1.ble fHenlty ; and 1ht• sa ag i:-. fm·l he1· 1·c111oved from tlit' most hiµJily ·i ifo~cd in this r ~p •t titan i11 hi-; icl 'as or rnntc1·inl welfare. 'l'h<• as 111 •i1· 11 l ili t.,· is e,11wt•1·1,ed. sci·,· Lh p111·pos<' for him n.· ,, ell a.s do t he most •l0gant 1·.o)-,t 11111es antt ,[a.hn1·ah..•l) appointed tlw II i11~s of l ➔}u l"Ol)t'. 1"01· t h<" Fur op an::;. 'l'hP 1·pasn11 fo1· t his is l'l',Hlily SP 11 in thc> n1·d(•1· of thi11g-s . .\s fa1· as t h<' animal i11 111:111 is ·cH1<"c1·11cd, t he w:u1t:s of tho barh:11·ia 11 a t"t' Ii t ll<' less t hau t.hos 1 of th c;, ilizt' most hig-hly (•1iltivatf'et we n t he ha.1·lrn1•ous and t h civilized b come-· of th wid ·t possihl ext n . 'l'he a,mo1I 11 ,tnd quality o[ re,·th ti pors tha11 won Icl onP who ha. Ii n• ma.·s s. For in-.;tanc· --, hat whic l1 mos people• admil'C' scP111s to ha 'C a i-;tronp; hold upon i h \'nlo-ar. In th" ag' of ha elC':-:. TI M En~l,rnd, a,1 • ffC'd('(l atHl l, ~1·d1·a \ ·n brilliatH·. of \'i t •,dletl np th ad111i 1·at io11 o t' all l'riliC's. '· '11h ~i111pl c• rna.j st ~· of ~IiIton wa · o,· l'loolwd ; Ltboi·c-d mHl 11n11atu1·:1 I one In. ic ns w( •rc• 111istnla•n fo 1• • ·inti11.itio11s of' 1;i•11i11s, sprighflillls.• f'01· L nch•r11e, 8, .incl l)()mhast fo1· l'loqu •11t·t•." Aud, also, ·wi t n Rs tit ' SP\' •1•al t,imc•s 111<' .·t~I ol' arc·hit clur wa'-i c·h:rngc(l ill E111·op . ~i ,-.·t t lw Gt'C'<'k was in ·00·11 ; this nl't<' I' a ,·hil gaYt' phwe to t hi' Clot liie. wl ic·h was at la. t di.·canlell a 11ep:i n wi l h, we w ill 1 ot it•P that what al fi1·st c1ppc•ars to hp a c hange• in thl' tamlard of t :i ·t i.· • i111 ply t lw net hi · f he 111iml in its (•111lea,or to find th r11 C' ·tamhn·cl. Exempli gralia, oru f tb I) •s r cn11· poets lnl\ e Iwcn mo~ t bitterly CL·itid sed hy t he few and the many of th •ir· time ; IJ 11t, \'(• in ariably tine h· t, aft r year· of oppositio11. bey Im ' been tllliYcrsnlly a mi t cl to b , h, tho. a >1<' to juctic· ,hem. of I he l1 igl 11 •..; t llll'l'i l a1 1rl <'l< •!--{al11· c . l'hi.· im11lit~s l Ila l tit•'l'l' i~ so11 10, t~ 1•itp1 io11, for Lh mind 11t• '<'I I u1·s 1PS that. \\'hi<·h is nol 1· •al. • p:a111, \YP lirHl thnt <:P1·h1in creations of a l't a nd litC'1·:1t11r ha,·p he 11 acln1i1·0cl in 11 11 age· I>~· :ill peoplrs. '11w ·orks or Home,·, Yir·gi l. Hhakt>spcarr•, h 11\ 11 1· fail cl to g•jyp tl<•ligltt to tho"<' ~ h s< a•stlu·tif' t~111p ·1·:1111 •11t " :1s su flicicn tly den·loJwcl t 11 <·n111p1·rll 1cl lh Ill. 'l'his demonst1·ak tltat th1•fal'11ll: nl' las l has ;1 unh •1·sal l>:1 .·is.•\ml W<', to-t·sia11 JHlPts, a1Hl lil!lmltl, \\ itl1 \\'1)1 11,11·1· and :t\\"t•, th, 1·11ins or tht• g'l'Pat tclllpl 'S o · India and Eµ:ypi. !-;nit is st•t>ll that tilt•. ta11cl.11·d <>f tastP is :1 unin•1•,-.;,d 011e. Thh. hr-ing-t lw t·asP, t lie ,w.·t . L 'P is t . cc in what the ph•asu1·cs arisi111-1: frorn t nstc-t h1• J)leas111·1•s oi' t Ir<• imaµ;i nat Hill t·on:-,isl. l't·i1 it•s h:l\ «' :i11alyze1l, c·x11111i11 •d1 a1ul i 11,·cstiµ;:1t•d lhnsp \\rn·k s whi<'i1 ha\t' 1,een al\\'a~·s a11cl 1111i\'p1•sa lly cstec•ntl' lb: the eultu1•ptl. :llld l'un11tl "lint it ,vas in hem that appPaled to the imagination. For example, 1he il•~llei, liy cx:unininp: the play· or th UrPek d1a111at _ists, fou11 cl that Sophocles was alimc is rc-adi l) clisti11 g11 i:•d1t•tl frn111 lll<' hca11tit'ul li;\· lhc i a g·l•ntl_-1lowing 1·i\'1• 1·, it:-; ba nl, s c•ny •1·cd w il h mc:ulmn, ·111d wu111l-la11d:-; : i lw 1•a i11lw Y: 11H' µ:ail) pl 11 magl'1l hir tl:-: : 1 hl' , :11·ion:-;l_,. 1·olm·Pil lint 1ei·llil'S ,rnd nm ,·1•1•:-; : a11d till' h1111t:1 11 l'nr111. \\ hat has h1•e11 said ot' th,· s11hli1111• i11 :11·1 appli1•s n he• la•,u11if11l: it 1•nnsbts ill 1hP lidPlil~· 11 1' imi t.1ti011. 'J hP plcas111·1'S nr tlH· i111:1gi11:tlio11 :1pplied 111 litP1·at111·e :11·,· 1'111tllll i11 dPs1·1·iptio11s ,if s1il1li1111• arnl h1•:i11! il'11I olijc1•!:-; n11ed, lived so far back in :rre k history t l1:1 t, w annot r.rnly fix the rla.te of his llil'lh : and som . chol. rs haYe ~one so t':11· as lodonbt ihat sut.:ha ]Jet·.·onag'e e e1• e -.;ist0,l. Yirgil , th gr at t epic poet nr the Rm11ans, llonl'ishetl in tho ag whe11 1{1)l1H' ,,·a$ just issning from h r b~-trh:11·011s 1·omliU011 :ind lakinp,-:1 plaee as :l c·i,·iliz1•d 11:1tiou. 'rhE> ap:e or J\Jilt-0u, m· nw11 g:1·t>at ~<•11 i11s , who will heal' compa1·i.·0 11 wi1 h any poet wl10 c,· r lived is Imo" 11 to l' ~er:on : it wa. on thf• eve or i lit· lll:rnhood of Llt _l~nglish p ople. 'l'ld. heh1g: so, ve must loot· for t he g'1•p:1 tes t sublimity in poetry: for po try i:-; t ht-l"o1·m i11 which men fi1·. t ,·nieC' t h i1· Sl'll1 iml'1tts. 1'h Y chis of Jnclia rn·e .1111011µ; i he sll bl im . t er nt ion · of hter:t( 11n •, :lJlcl th y a1· lhe okl ~ t complet , a 11t h1•111h: 100111H exlant,. Homer and . 1•\o;c•hylus am ng t he Gre ks; t he No1·s l~ch!:1s: t h Hibl0 : and, awon om· own E uµ;lish po t:-;. dillon, Pope. Hlw ll y. and Ossi:111, fm·nish ns ·with xampl s or tlw lti g:lt<'-.t gr.ind m· in w ri ing:. ~ s a J1 in. t:m ce of thf' snblim iu lan"' 11ag;1'. uotil' th following rxt 1·,1c f.rom liooi-s i'-of Paradise Lo t. ·whe1·c • atau e nµ:ng~:-: t hC' t'or c · of JI .n,·en : "So\\' storming-f'u1·y 1•0 , 11rl cla11101· ::,n h a:-; h ard rn H av n t ill 1\0 \\' ·as llf'\'r' ·: a ·m.-: 011 armou1· 1·lashinp; l,ray ·d Hol'l'il1l -' d iseo1'entre shook.'· E I T 1-1 49 '11his i • a clcseript,io11 of Lwo 1nig h force' or powors rais 'd against each ther. We hear th awful .·mmcl of the din of hattl -the ba Uc or immortals: w se he air hil'k with the tir of flaming d, rts; and w c•an imao·in t lw 8ublim fo1·111s o Jicl1acl :111d ,'alan as Ih y flash throu ,.h th smok a11<1 clnst of the fray. 1igh and ftll'Yin their hirrhcs aspec-t a1·e here d pi t rl IJ • th sublim of p ts. r take the pictur of the mat· •h of he fa II n an n) tin ugh their drPaq habitn,t ion : ..O' 1· rnany a dark ancl fo1·gotten. Dn 111s :-;t ·pis asc ncl fro111 my hills ill to thy p ac ful pla,im,? Do 1 meet thee with a SJ) :n 011 hy Joml, pirit of dismal Loda? ~hy then dos t hou frown on me? Why ,· hake thin a i1·y .·p ari' 'l'hou frownest in -.ain: I 11 ' Yet fl d fro111 tho mighty in ' " II'; all({ slta,11 the sons of Lho wind fright n the king ot' Morveu? ro-he know.· tl1 'w c1kness of their arms.' " 'l,'ly t thy land,· replied the form; •take Io t h, wind, an fly! The blasts are i11 i he h llow of m , haucl: the course of lho .·t rm is mine.. l◄'ly to thy land, sou of C'ornhal, r feel 111,. flaming wrath!' " Uc lifted high his shadowy spear! he b ~nt fonvanl lli:s clr acUul height. Fingal, acl ·.uu.:in00 , cir , his swotd, he bl11